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PHS Ch17.3
17.3 Anatomical Terminology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Abdominal region | One of nine equal areas of the abdomen that are named and used as reference points |
| Body cavity | A hollow space within the body that is lined by a membrane and contains body organs |
| Body plane | A flat surface seen by cutting away part of the body through surgery or medical imaging; serves as a point of reference when discussing anatomy |
| Body region | An area of the body with a specific name that is used as a reference point when discussing location on the body |
| Standard anatomical position | The agreed-upon reference for body position when studying anatomy; standing erect, facing frontward, with the arms at the sides and palms facing forward |
| Abdominal cavity | The part of the abdominopelvic cavity that houses the digestive organs |
| Abdominal quadrants | One of the four regions used to divide the abdomen into sections |
| Abdominopelvic cavity | The part of the ventral cavity that lies below the diaphragm muscle; includes the abdominal cavity for the digestive organs and the pelvic cavity that houses the reproductive organs, bladder, and rectum |
| Anterior | A directional term that refers to the front side of the body |
| Caudal | A directional term used to talk about a point closer to the tailbone |
| Cranial | A directional term used to talk about a point closer to the head |
| Cranial cavity | The part of the dorsal cavity that contains the brain |
| Deep tissues | Tissues located farther below the surface |
| Distal | A directional term that refers to a part that is farther away from the attachment site on the body; can also be used to describe internal organs |
| Dorsal | A directional term used to describe surfaces that are located on the back of the body |
| Dorsal cavity | The cavity in the back of the body that is protected by the bones of the skull and vertebrae |
| Frontal plane | The body plane that divides the body or organ into front and back sections; also called the coronal plane |
| Inferior | A directional term that means lower down on the body |
| Lateral | A directional term that refers to a point toward the side of the body |
| Medial | A directional term that refers to a point closer to the center of the body |
| Midsagittal plane | The body plane that divides the body exactly down the midline |
| Pelvic cavity | The part of the abdominopelvic cavity that houses the reproductive organs, bladder, and rectum |
| Posterior | A directional term that refers to the back side of the body |
| Proximal | A directional term that indicates that the part being discussed is closer to the point of attachment to the body; can also be used to describe internal organs |
| Prone | Lying facedown |
| Sagittal plane | The body plane that divides the body, organ, or appendage into right and left sections |
| Spinal cavity | The part of the dorsal cavity that contains the spinal cord |
| Superficial | A directional term that refers to the outside surface of the body |
| Superior | A directional term that means above or higher up on the body |
| Supine | Lying face up with the arms out to the sides and palms facing up |
| Thoracic cavity | The part of the ventral cavity that lies above the diaphragm muscle; includes the pericardial cavity and two pleural cavities |
| Transverse plane | The body plane that divides the body into top and bottom sections |
| Ventral | A directional term used to describe surfaces that move closer together when you bend a joint |
| Ventral cavity | The cavity in the front of the body that is surrounded by the ribs and pelvic bones |
Created by:
PHS 2026