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PHS Ch17.2

17.2 Body Organization and Related Medical Terms

TermDefinition
Anatomy The physical structures or parts of the body
Body system A group of organs working together to perform a vital function in the body
Cell A small group of organelles that fulfill a specific purpose and are held together by a membrane
Physiology The functions or inner workings of the body
Atom The smallest organizational unit of the body
Cell membrane A semipermeable outer covering of a cell with holes that act as its doors and windows
Cytoplasm Semifluid structure contained within the walls of a cell in which chemical reactions take place
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) Material present in a cell that contains complete plans for items the cell builds and carries the cell's genetic information
Endoplasmic reticulum The organelle that moves ribosomes in and out of the nucleus as they are assembled; rough ER is covered with ribosomes and builds proteins, while smooth ER builds and stores fats and carbohydrates and detoxifies harmful substances
Golgi apparatus An organelle made up of layers of membrane in the cytoplasm that inspects, sorts, and packages proteins for use within or removal from the cell
Lysosomes Organelles that use digestive enzymes to destroy used, dead, and foreign materials left behind after energy is used
Mitochondria Organelles that function as power stations for cells
Molecule Atoms bonded together
Nucleolus The organelle located at the center of the nucleus that uses ribosomes to build proteins
Nucleus The organelle that contains genetic material and controls the cell's activity
Organ A distinct body structure made of different tissues working together for the same purpose
Organelle A part of a cell that has a specific task
Ribosomes Organelles that build proteins for the cell; they may be free in the cytoplasm or attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum
Tissue A group of cells of the same type working together for the same purpose
Vacuole An organelle that allows larger enzymes and waste molecule packages to pass through the cell membrane
Created by: PHS 2026
 

 



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