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PHS Ch17.2
17.2 Body Organization and Related Medical Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Anatomy | The physical structures or parts of the body |
| Body system | A group of organs working together to perform a vital function in the body |
| Cell | A small group of organelles that fulfill a specific purpose and are held together by a membrane |
| Physiology | The functions or inner workings of the body |
| Atom | The smallest organizational unit of the body |
| Cell membrane | A semipermeable outer covering of a cell with holes that act as its doors and windows |
| Cytoplasm | Semifluid structure contained within the walls of a cell in which chemical reactions take place |
| DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) | Material present in a cell that contains complete plans for items the cell builds and carries the cell's genetic information |
| Endoplasmic reticulum | The organelle that moves ribosomes in and out of the nucleus as they are assembled; rough ER is covered with ribosomes and builds proteins, while smooth ER builds and stores fats and carbohydrates and detoxifies harmful substances |
| Golgi apparatus | An organelle made up of layers of membrane in the cytoplasm that inspects, sorts, and packages proteins for use within or removal from the cell |
| Lysosomes | Organelles that use digestive enzymes to destroy used, dead, and foreign materials left behind after energy is used |
| Mitochondria | Organelles that function as power stations for cells |
| Molecule | Atoms bonded together |
| Nucleolus | The organelle located at the center of the nucleus that uses ribosomes to build proteins |
| Nucleus | The organelle that contains genetic material and controls the cell's activity |
| Organ | A distinct body structure made of different tissues working together for the same purpose |
| Organelle | A part of a cell that has a specific task |
| Ribosomes | Organelles that build proteins for the cell; they may be free in the cytoplasm or attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum |
| Tissue | A group of cells of the same type working together for the same purpose |
| Vacuole | An organelle that allows larger enzymes and waste molecule packages to pass through the cell membrane |