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AP World Chapter 1

TermDefinition
Paleolithic Era The long period during which human societies sustained themselves through gathering, hunting, and fishing without the practice of agriculture.
pastoral societies Alternative type of agricultural society. Pastoral peoples often led their animals to seasonal grazing grounds rather than settling permanently in a single location.
chiefdoms A society governed by a chief who typically relies on generosity, ritual status, or charisma rather than force to win obedience from people.
patriarchy A social system in which women have been made subordinate to men in the family and society.
Hinduism A religion based on the many beliefs, practices, sects, rituals, and philosophies in India.
Upanishads Indian mystical and philosophical works written between 800 and 400 BCE
Siddhartha Gautama "The Buddha" The Indian prince whose exposure to suffering led him to develop a path to Enlightenment, which became the basis for Buddhism
Theravada Buddhism "Teaching of the Elders" The early form of Buddhism according to which the Buddha was a wise teacher nut not divine; emphasizes practices rather than beliefs.
Mahayana Buddhism "Great Vehicle" The popular development of Buddhism in the early centuries CE, which gives a much greater role to supernatural beings and to compassion and proved t be more popular than original Buddhism.
bhakti movement Meaning "worship," this Hindu movement began in south India and moved northward between 600-1000 CE. It involved the intense adoration of and identification with a particular deity through songs, prayers, and rituals.
Confucianism The Chinese philosophy first enunciated by Confucius, advocating the moral example of superiors as the key element of social order.
Han Dynasty The Chinese dynasty (206 BCE-220 CE) that emerged after the Qin dynasty collapsed, establishing political and cultural patterns that lasted in to the 20th century.
Daoism A Chinese philosophy/popular religion that advocates a simple and unpretentious way of living and alignment with the natural world, founded by Laozi.
Judaism The monotheistic religion developed in the Middle East by the Hebrews, emphasizing a sole personal god (Yahweh) with concerns for social justice.
Jesus of Nazareth A peasant/artisan "wisdom teacher" and Jewish mystic whose life, teachings, death, and resurrection gave rise to the new religion of Christianity.
Muhammad The prophet and founder of Islam whose religious revelations became the Quran, bringing a radically monotheistic religion to Arabia and the world.
Quran The most holy text of Islam, which records the words of God through revelations given to the prophet Muhammad.
umma The community of of all believers in Islam, bound by common belief rather than territory, language, or tribe.
ulama Islamic religious scholars, both Sunni and Shia, who shaped and transmitted the core teachings of Islamic civilization.
Sufism Type of the Islamic faith that saw the worldly success of Islamic civilization as a distraction. Renounced the material world, meditated on the Quran, venerated Muhammad and pursued an interior life to tame the ego and achieve spiritual union with Allah.
Silk Roads Land-based trade routes that linked many regions of Eurasia. They were named after the most famous product traded along these routes.
Sea Roads The world's largest sea-based system of communication and exchange before 1500 CE. Centered on India, it stretched from southern China to eastern Africa.
Sand Roads A term used to describe the routes of the trans-Saharan trade, which linked interior West Africa to the Mediterranean and North African World
Created by: Mrs. Marquardt
 

 



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