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intro to islam
study guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Bedouin | A normaic Arab who lives in the Arabrian, Syrian, or North African Deserts. |
| Kaaba | A sacred building in Mecca, Saudi, Arabia. Muslims face this builidng during prayer or the journey of Hajj |
| Allah | Arabic name for God, main represtative of Islam |
| Mecca | A holy city in Saudi Arabia where Muhammad was born. |
| Medina | A holy city where Muhammad and his followers built the first Muslim community. |
| Quran | The holy book of Islam |
| Muslim | A person who believes in Islam |
| Mosque | A Muslim place of worship |
| Hajj | A pilgrimage to Mecca, one of the five pillars of Islam |
| Five Pillars of Islam | Acts of worship towards Allah, which contains belief, prayer, charity, fasting, and pilgrimage |
| Shari´ah | A law drawn after Muhammad died. A set of laws to regulate daily life for Muslims |
| Hadith | Reports about what the Prophet Muhammad said or did that help guide Muslims |
| Caliph | The religious leader of Muslim people. It was created after the death of Muhammad |
| Caliphate | A Muslim government led by a caliph |
| Sheikh | A respected elder, teacher, or religious leader |
| Hijrah | The journey of Muhammad and his followers to Medina in 622 |
| Jihad | The struggle of believers to survive |
| People of the Bok | A name in Islam for people who follow religions with earlier holy books. |
| Sunni | A Muslim group that believed any ruler could be the ruler of Islam and should look to the scholars of the Quran and Hadith for spiritual guidance. |
| Shia | A Muslim group that believed that only the descendants of Muhammad could be a leader, like Muhammad's son-in-law Ali could be the true leader of Islam and can be a religious guide. |
| Vizier | A high government official in Muslim countries |
| Sultan | A ruler of a Muslim kingdom or empire. |
| Baazar | A covered market in Islamic cities |
| Dowry | A gift of money or property paid at the time of marriage either by the bride's parents to the husband or husband to his wife. |
| Astrolabe | An instrument used by sailors to determine their location by the stars |
| Arabesques | A geometric pattern used to cover surfaces with decor |
| Minaret | The tower of a mosque used to call pray five times a day. |
| Muezzin | A person who calls the prayer five times a day in the Minerat |
| Muhammad | He is the messenger and spread the word of God |
| Khadija | She was Muhammads first wife and was the first to convert to Islam |
| Abu Bakr | He became a caliph after Muhammad’s death. He suppressed political and religious uprisings and helped unite Islam. |
| Ali | He was the son-in-law of Muhammad, and his supporters believed a relative of Muhammad should be the leader of Islam |
| Hussein | A leader, who was Muhammad’s grandson, his death in a struggle over a leadership deep in the Sunni-Shia division |
| Mu’awiyah | He established the Umayyad dynasty. After that leaders came from his family. |
| Abu al-‘Abbas | He started the Abbasid dynasty after defeating the Umayyads |
| Harun al-Rashid | During his rule, Baghdad grew rich and became a center of learning |
| Al-Mansur | He built Baghdad, an important city for trade-in learning |
| Ibn-Rushd | He study philosophy and wrote about Aristotles ideas |
| Al-Razi | He was a Doctor Who wrote books about diseases and treatment |
| Ibn Sina | He was a Doctor Who wrote an important medical book |
| Arabia before Islam | Arabia was mostly desert. People lived in tribes treated and had different beliefs. People moved, depending on the seasons. |
| Mecca | Mecca was a trade city with the Kaaba. It became a holy city for Muslims. |
| Medina | Muhammad moved there and started a Muslim community |
| Hijrah (622) | Muhammad move from Mecca to Medina his followers built a community there |
| Return to Mecca (630) | Muhammad took control of Mecca and made the Kaaba Muslim place of worship |
| Yarmuk (636) | Muslims wanna battle that helped them take control of Syria |
| Battle of Tours (732) | A Muslim army lost in France, stopping its expansion of Islam |
| Umayyad dynasty | Mu’awiyah started it, it’s capital was Damascus, and it’s spread to Spain and parts of Asia |
| Abbasid dynasty | The Abbasids took power from the Umayyads. They ruled from Baghdad where trade and learning grew |
| Baghdad | People went there to trade and learn |
| What political, financial military, and administrative problems weaken the Abbasid dynasty | Fighting money problems, and losing control of land made it weaker |
| Muhammad’s death (632) | Muslims had to choose a new leader which caused divisions |
| Decoration of faith/belief | They believe there’s one God, Allah and Muhammad is the messenger |
| Prayer | They pray five times a day; at dawn, midday afternoon, sunset, and night. It helps Muslims worship Allah and remain connected to the faith. |
| Charity | Muslims, who are wealthy are required to give a portion to those in need. It’s purpose helps teach generosity, responsibility, and support for the community. |
| Fasting | They fast during the month of Ramadan to focus on prayer, patience , and helping others |
| Pilgrimage | They travel to the city of Mecca if they are financially able, and they worship together and perform special religious practices |
| How did the transition and study of Greek works help preserve and develop knowledge | Scholars translated Greek books and studied their ideas. This helps, save and spread knowledge. |
| What did scholars use for mathematics? | Scholars use the Indian number system, including zero and algebra |
| What is an astrolabe | Scholars studied the stars and use astrolabes to help find their way |
| What did Islamic culture know about medicine? | Al-Razi and Ibn Sina wrote medical books that helped doctors learn |
| What did Islamic culture know about literature? | Muslim writers created stories and poems, including one thousand and one nights |
| What did Islamic culture know about art and architecture? | Artist made detailed patterns called arabesques. Builders used arches and domes and mosques |
| How did Islamic scholars preserve and spread knowledge from other culture? | They preserve knowledge by translating ancient works into Arabic and keeping them in libraries |
| What did the Arabic world physically look like before the rise of Islam? | Before the Arabian Peninsula had small villages towns and communities. Some people stayed in one place while others moved around, depending on the seasons. |
| What similarities and differences existed amongst the Abrahamic religions | They are similar because they all connect their faith to Abraham. However, Christians believe Jesus is the son of God Muslims believe Jesus was a prophet and that Muhammad receive God’s final revelation |
| What was Abu Bakr’s chief success as a caliph and to what did it contribute? | Abu Bakr star, political, and religious uprisings. This contributed to uniting Islamic world and helping Islam grow |
| How did the Caliphate become a dynasty in what factors threatened that dynasty? | This happened when Mu’awiyah made the position of caliph passed through his family, which created the Umayyad dynasty. The dynasty face problems from military defeat against the Bysantines and the Franks, this slowed down Muslim expansion |
| How did the Abbasid dynasty differ from life under the Umayyad dynasty | The Umayyad dynasty Warriors were seen as important, the Abbasids thought, judges, merchants, and government workers were more important. |
| How did the prosperous Abbasid dynasty become politically divided | It became divided in different rulers and groups began taking control of parts of the empire. This weekend, the Dynasty into dividing. |
| How did Islam influence the social structure of Middle Eastern societies? | Islam taught that all Muslims were equal, but society still had different social classes |
| What were two contributions of Islamic scholars and artists? | Islamic scholars help develop algebra made important advances in astronomy and medicine |
| Which innovations and ideas of Muslims could still be used today | Muslims improve the astrolabe to help sailors, find their location and create a architectural design designs with domes, courtyards, and detailed patterns |
| How did observing Islamic teachings create unity among Muslims | Muslims followed, shared teachings, such as praying fasting and helping others in need. Doing these things together help them feel connected even when they live far apart. |
| How did Islamic law affect Muslim attitudes towards Christians and Jews? | Islamic law a lot of Christians and used to practice their religions because Muslims consider considered them people of the book. They had to pay a special tax |
| What were the differences in similarities in Sunni and Shia beliefs? | Sunni believe that the Muslim community should choose their leader. Shia believed the leader should be from Muhammad‘s family. Both believed in Allah in the Quran. |
| How did trade help Islam and Islamic culture spread? | Muslim traders travel to many regions. As a traded goods, they also shared their religions and culture with the people they met. |
| How did Islamic culture begin and how did it affect the rest of the world? | Islam began in Arabia in the 600s when Muhammad taught people to worship one God. As Islam spread, Muslims shared ideas about math, medicine, astronomy, art, and architecture with other parts of the world. |
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