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TermDefinition
Bradwell v. The State (of Illinois) (1873) Supreme Court case that ruled states could restrict women's ability to practice law, reinforcing the idea that women's legal roles were different from men's
Slaughterhouse Cases (1873) Supreme Court cases that narrowly interpreted the 14th Amendment's Privileges or Immunities Clause and limited its use to protect individual rights
United States v. Reese (1876) Supreme Court case that ruled the 15th Amendment did not give everyone the right to vote and limited federal power to punish voting discrimination
Munn v. Illinois (1877) Supreme Court case that upheld state regulation of businesses such as grain elevators when they served a public interest
The Civil Rights Cases (1883) Supreme Court cases that struck down the Civil Rights Act of 1875 and ruled that the 14th Amendment did not prohibit discrimination by private businesses
Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad Company (1886) Supreme Court case that recognized corporations as protected by the 14th Amendment's Equal Protection Clause
Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railway Company v. Illinois (1886) Supreme Court case that ruled states could not regulate interstate railroad rates, helping lead to the Interstate Commerce Act
Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railway Company v. Minnesota (1890) Supreme Court case that ruled state regulation of railroad rates could be reviewed by the courts under the Due Process Clause
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) Supreme Court case that upheld racial segregation under the doctrine of separate but equal
United States v. Wong Kim Ark (1898) Supreme Court case that confirmed that children born in the United States are U.S. citizens even if their parents are immigrants
Panic of 1873 Severe economic depression caused by railroad failures, bank failures, and financial instability
Election of 1876 Disputed presidential election between Rutherford B. Hayes and Samuel Tilden that was resolved by the Compromise of 1877
Great Railroad Strike of 1877 Nationwide railroad strike caused by wage cuts that led to violence and federal intervention
Haymarket Affair (1886) Labor protest in Chicago where a bomb was thrown at police, leading to violence and a controversial trial of labor activists
Homestead Strike (1892) Major steelworkers' strike against Carnegie Steel that was defeated after a violent confrontation involving Pinkerton guards
Panic of 1893 Severe economic depression caused by railroad failures, bank failures, and financial instability
World's Columbian Exposition of 1893 World's fair held in Chicago celebrating the 400th anniversary of Columbus's arrival in the Americas and showcasing American technology and industry
Pullman Strike (1894) Railroad strike against the Pullman Company that was broken up by federal troops after the strike disrupted mail delivery
The Molly Maguires (1970) Film about Irish immigrant coal miners in Pennsylvania and the labor conflicts involving the Molly Maguires
Reconstruction Acts (1867-1868) Laws that divided the former Confederacy into military districts and required Southern states to protect African American voting rights before rejoining the Union
Pendleton Act (1883) Civil service reform law that created a merit-based system for many federal jobs and reduced political patronage
Interstate Commerce Act (1887) Law that created the Interstate Commerce Commission to regulate railroad practices and rates
Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890) Federal law designed to prevent monopolies and combinations that restrained interstate trade
Mississippi Black Code (1865) Southern law that restricted the freedom and economic opportunities of formerly enslaved African Americans after the Civil War
General Reynolds Describes Lawlessness in Texas (1868) Primary source describing violence and lawlessness in Texas during Reconstruction
E. L. Godkin on Reconstruction (1871) Primary source criticizing Reconstruction and expressing negative views about the political changes in the South
Frederick Douglass on Remembering the Civil War (1878) Speech or writing in which Frederick Douglass discussed the Civil War, emancipation, and the importance of remembering the struggle against slavery
Dennis Kearney and H. L. Knight, “Appeal from California. The Chinese Invasion. Workingmen’s Address” (1878) Primary source expressing anti-Chinese immigrant attitudes and arguing that Chinese immigration threatened American workers
Henry George, Progress and Poverty (1879) Work arguing that economic inequality was caused partly by land ownership and proposing a tax on the increasing value of land
Traveling on an Emigrant Train by Robert Louis Stevenson (1879) Account describing the difficult and crowded conditions experienced by immigrants traveling across the United States
William Graham Sumner on Social Darwinism (1880s) Writing supporting the idea that competition and survival shaped society and that government should generally avoid interfering with economic competition
Chinese Exclusion Treaty (1880) Agreement between the United States and China that allowed the United States to restrict Chinese immigration
Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) Federal law that suspended Chinese immigration and became the first major U.S. law restricting immigration based on nationality
Texas Farmers' Revolt (1886) Farmers' protest against economic problems such as low crop prices, debt, and high railroad and supply costs
Grover Cleveland's Veto of the Texas Seed Bill (1887) Presidential veto in which Cleveland argued that the federal government should not provide direct financial aid to farmers
Andrew Carnegie's Gospel of Wealth (1889) Essay arguing that wealthy people had a responsibility to use their fortunes to benefit society through philanthropy
Dispatch from a Mississippi Colored Farmers' Alliance (1889) Primary source describing the organization and concerns of African American farmers in the South
Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lives (1890) Book using photographs and descriptions to expose poverty and overcrowded living conditions in New York City
Hearing of the Women Suffrage Association before House Committee on the Judiciary (1892) Primary source in which women's suffrage activists argued for women's right to vote
Jane Addams, “The Subjective Necessity for Social Settlements” (1892) Essay explaining why settlement houses were needed to help immigrants and poor urban communities
Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in All Its Phases (1892) Ida B. Wells's work exposing lynching and challenging racist justifications for violence against African Americans
The Omaha Platform of the People's Party (1892) Populist political platform supporting reforms such as free silver, government ownership of railroads, and a graduated income tax
Frederick Jackson Turner, “Significance of the Frontier in American History” (1893) Essay arguing that the American frontier strongly influenced American democracy, individualism, and national development
Booker T. Washington & W.E.B. DuBois on Black Progress (1895, 1903) Debate over strategies for African American progress, with Washington emphasizing economic advancement and DuBois emphasizing immediate civil and political rights
The Cross of Gold Speech by William Jennings Bryan (1896) Speech supporting free silver and criticizing the gold standard for hurting farmers and working people
What's the Matter With Kansas? by William Allen White (1896) Editorial criticizing Kansas Populists and portraying their political ideas as harmful to the state's economy
How I Became a Socialist by Eugene Debs (1902) Writing explaining Eugene Debs's development of socialist beliefs and his criticism of capitalism and economic inequality
Created by: Sofianva30
 

 



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