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HS UIL SS part 5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Panic of 1901 | Stock market panic caused by a struggle for control of Northern Pacific Railway |
| Peace Policy (1869) | Ulysses S. Grant's policy of placing Native American reservations under the supervision of Christian religious groups |
| Peik v. Chicago & Northwestern Railway Company (1877) | Supreme Court case that upheld state regulation of railroad rates when railroads served the public interest |
| Pennsylvania Railroad Company | Major railroad company that became one of the largest and most powerful railroads in the United States |
| Philadelphia Centennial Exposition | 1876 world's fair in Philadelphia celebrating the 100th anniversary of American independence |
| Phonograph | Device invented by Thomas Edison that could record and play back sound |
| Pinkerton National Detective Agency | Private detective agency hired by businesses to investigate criminals, spies, and striking workers |
| Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co. (1895) | Supreme Court case that ruled the federal income tax was unconstitutional |
| Populist Party | Political party formed by farmers that supported free silver, government regulation of railroads, and political reforms |
| Readjuster Party/Movement (Virginia) | Political movement led by William Mahone that supported debt reduction, public education, and African American political participation |
| Reconstruction Amendments | 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments that abolished slavery, established citizenship and equal protection, and protected Black men's voting rights |
| Rock Springs Massacre (1885) | Violence in Wyoming where white miners attacked Chinese immigrant workers, killing many and forcing others from the area |
| Santo Domingo Annexation | Failed attempt by President Ulysses S. Grant to annex the Dominican Republic to the United States |
| Second Industrial Revolution | Period of rapid industrial growth involving steel, electricity, oil, chemicals, and new technologies from the late 1800s into the early 1900s |
| Sharecropping | Farming system in which farmers worked land owned by someone else in exchange for a share of the crops |
| Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890 | Law requiring the federal government to purchase large amounts of silver, increasing the money supply |
| Sister Carrie by Theodore Dreiser | Novel about a young woman who moves to Chicago and New York and pursues success and wealth |
| Social Gospel | Religious movement that applied Christian principles to social problems such as poverty, inequality, and poor working conditions |
| Special Field Order No. 15 | 1865 order by General Sherman setting aside land along the South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida coasts for formerly enslaved families |
| Specie Payment Resumption Act of 1875 | Law requiring the government to resume exchanging paper money for gold beginning in 1879 |
| Stalwarts | Republican faction that supported political machines and the patronage system |
| Standard Oil Company | Oil company founded by John D. Rockefeller that became a major monopoly through horizontal integration |
| Swing Around the Circle | 1866 speaking tour by Andrew Johnson to defend his Reconstruction policies and attack his political opponents |
| Tammany Hall | New York City Democratic political machine that controlled city politics and was associated with Boss Tweed |
| Texas v. White (1868) | Supreme Court case that ruled the Union was permanent and states could not legally secede |
| The Awakening by Kate Chopin | Novel about a woman challenging traditional expectations of marriage, motherhood, and women's roles |
| The Great South by Edward King | Book that described the South after the Civil War and documented its poverty and economic conditions |
| The Octopus by Frank Norris | Novel criticizing railroad monopolies and their control over farmers and the economy |
| The Prostrate State by James Pike | Book that criticized Reconstruction governments in the South and portrayed them as corrupt |
| The Significance of the Frontier in American History by Frederick Jackson Turner | Essay arguing that the American frontier shaped American democracy, individualism, and national identity |
| The Theory of the Leisure Class by Thorstein Veblen | Book that introduced the idea of conspicuous consumption and criticized wealthy people for displaying their wealth |
| Third Party System | Political era from about 1854 to the 1890s dominated by Republicans and Democrats, with major conflicts over Reconstruction and economic issues |
| Trader Post Scandal | Corruption scandal involving government officials and Native American trading posts during the Grant administration |
| Transatlantic Telegraph Cable | Undersea cable that allowed messages to be sent rapidly between Europe and North America |
| Tremont Street Subway | First subway in the United States, opened in Boston in 1897 |
| Union Leagues | Organizations formed during Reconstruction to support the Republican Party and protect African American political participation |
| Union Pacific Railroad Company | Railroad company that built the eastern portion of the first transcontinental railroad |
| United States v. E.C. Knight Company (1895) | Supreme Court case that limited federal use of the Sherman Antitrust Act against manufacturing monopolies |
| United States v. Cruikshank (1876) | Supreme Court case that weakened federal protection of African American voting and civil rights against private violence |
| Vanderbilt Ball (1883) | Lavish party hosted by Alva and William K. Vanderbilt that symbolized the wealth of Gilded Age elites |
| Vaudeville | Popular form of entertainment featuring a variety of short acts such as comedy, music, dancing, and magic |
| Venezuela Crisis | 1895 dispute between Venezuela and Britain over their border that increased tensions between Britain and the United States |
| Vertical Integration | Business strategy in which a company controls different stages of production and distribution |
| Horizontal Integration | Business strategy in which a company buys or controls competing companies in the same industry |
| Wade-Davis Bill | Reconstruction bill requiring a majority of white male citizens in Confederate states to swear loyalty before readmission to the Union |
| Waldorf-Astoria | Famous luxury hotel in New York City that became a symbol of Gilded Age wealth |
| Watering Stock (finance) | Practice of selling stock at a value higher than the actual value of the company's assets |
| Wheeler Compromise | 1877 agreement that helped settle the disputed presidential election and contributed to the end of Reconstruction |
| Whiskey Ring | Corruption scandal in which government officials and whiskey distillers cheated the federal government out of tax revenue |
| Wilmington Coup | 1898 violent overthrow of Wilmington, North Carolina's elected biracial government by white supremacists |
| Women and Economics by Charlotte Perkins Gilman | Book arguing that women's economic dependence on men was a major cause of gender inequality |
| Women's Christian Temperance Union | Women's organization that promoted temperance and also supported women's suffrage and other social reforms |
Created by:
Sofianva30