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HS UIL SS part 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| 100th Meridian | The line at 100° west longitude that became a rough boundary between the more humid eastern United States and the drier Great Plains |
| A Fool's Errand, by One of the Fools | A novel by Albion Tourgee that criticized racism and the treatment of African Americans after Reconstruction |
| A Hazard of New Fortunes | A novel by William Dean Howells that explored social class, labor conflicts, and inequality in Gilded Age America |
| Alabama Claims | Claims against Britain for damages caused by Confederate ships built or supplied by Britain during the Civil War |
| American Federation of Labor | Labor organization founded by Samuel Gompers that focused on skilled workers and better wages and working conditions |
| American Protective Association | Anti-Catholic and anti-immigrant organization that opposed the political influence of Catholics and immigrants |
| American Railway Union | Labor union founded by Eugene V. Debs that organized railroad workers across different trades |
| Amnesty Act (1872) | Law that removed many political restrictions placed on former Confederates after the Civil War |
| Anti-Monopoly Party | Political party that opposed monopolies and the power of large corporations |
| Beecher-Tilton Scandal | Public scandal involving preacher Henry Ward Beecher and Elizabeth Tilton that damaged Beecher's reputation |
| Bessemer Process | A cheaper and faster method of making large amounts of steel by removing impurities from iron with blasts of air |
| “Billion Dollar Congress” | Nickname for the Republican Congress elected in 1888 because it spent more than one billion dollars |
| Black Codes | Southern laws passed after the Civil War that restricted the freedom and rights of African Americans |
| Black Friday (1869) | Financial crisis caused by Jay Gould and James Fisk trying to corner the U.S. gold market |
| Blair Education Act | Proposed federal law that would have provided funding for public education, especially in the South; it was vetoed by President Cleveland |
| Bland-Allison Silver Act (1878) | Law that required the federal government to purchase and coin a limited amount of silver |
| Bonanza Kings | Extremely wealthy owners of large Western mining operations |
| Bradley-Martin Ball | Lavish 1897 New York City party that symbolized the wealth and extravagant lifestyles of the Gilded Age elite |
| Brooklyn Bridge build | Major engineering project completed in 1883 that connected Manhattan and Brooklyn and became a symbol of modern technology |
| Carlisle Indian Industrial School | Boarding school created to assimilate Native American children into white American culture |
| Carrie Astor’s Four Hundred | List of about 400 people considered acceptable members of New York high society |
| Chicago Home Insurance Company Building | Early skyscraper designed by William Le Baron Jenney that used a metal-frame construction |
| Civil Rights Act of 1866 | Federal law that declared African Americans citizens and guaranteed them basic civil rights |
| Civil Rights Act of 1875 | Law that prohibited racial discrimination in public accommodations; later declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court |
| Cleveland Oil War | Conflict involving John D. Rockefeller and Standard Oil's efforts to control oil transportation and competition in Cleveland |
| Coinage Act (1873) | Law that ended the minting of silver dollars, contributing to the controversy over the gold standard |
| Colfax Massacre (1873) | Attack in Louisiana in which white supremacists killed Black political leaders and freedmen after a disputed election |
| Comstock Act (1873) | Federal law that banned the mailing of materials considered obscene or related to contraception or abortion |
| Comstock Lode | Large silver deposit discovered in Nevada that helped create wealth and growth in the American West |
| Congressional Election of 1874 | Election in which Democrats won control of the House of Representatives, partly because of dissatisfaction with Reconstruction and economic problems |
| Consolidation of New York City | 1898 creation of Greater New York by combining Manhattan, Brooklyn, the Bronx, Queens, and Staten Island |
| Conspicuous Consumption | Buying and displaying expensive goods to show wealth and social status |
| Convict Leasing | System in which Southern states leased prisoners, disproportionately African Americans, to private companies for labor |
| Coverture | Legal principle that a married woman's legal identity and property rights were controlled by her husband |
| Coxey's Army | 1894 march of unemployed workers to Washington, D.C., led by Jacob Coxey, demanding government action to create jobs |
| Crédit Mobilier Scandal | Corruption scandal in which Union Pacific insiders used a construction company to overcharge the railroad and distribute profits to politicians |
| Cummings v. Missouri (1867) | Supreme Court case that ruled laws requiring loyalty oaths for certain professions after the Civil War were unconstitutional |
| Day of Two Noons, The | Nickname for the day in 1883 when the United States adopted standardized railroad time zones |
| Dependent and Disability Pension Act (1890) | Law that expanded federal pensions to Union Civil War veterans who were disabled or dependent |
| Dingley Tariff (1897) | Law that raised tariffs on imported goods to very high levels |
| Dollar Princesses | American wealthy women who married European aristocrats, often bringing money into European noble families |
| Dow Jones Industrial Average | Stock market index created in 1896 that tracks major American companies |
| Dumbbell Tenements | Crowded urban apartment buildings designed with narrow air shafts that made the buildings look like dumbbells from above |
| Edmunds Act (1882) | Law that made polygamy a federal crime and allowed the federal government to punish Mormon polygamists |
| Eerie War | Conflict between the Erie Railroad and Cornelius Vanderbilt over control of the railroad |
| Election of 1884 | Presidential election in which Grover Cleveland defeated James G. Blaine amid a campaign focused heavily on corruption |
| Election of 1896 | Presidential election in which William McKinley defeated William Jennings Bryan after a major debate over the gold standard and silver |
| Elk v. Wilkins (1884) | Supreme Court case that ruled Native Americans born into tribes were not automatically U.S. citizens under the 14th Amendment |
| Ellis Island | Major immigration processing center in New York Harbor that opened in 1892 |
| Enforcement Acts (1870-71) | Federal laws designed to protect African Americans' voting rights and suppress the Ku Klux Klan |
| Equal Rights Party | Political party associated with women's suffrage and Victoria Woodhull's 1872 presidential campaign |
| Eugenics | Pseudoscientific movement that promoted selective reproduction based on supposed desirable or undesirable traits |
Created by:
Sofianva30