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Kev- Ch 2
A changing world-
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Renaissance | a rebirth of learning; classical learning- Greek and Roman learning/art |
| Printing Press | machine that helps print things quickly so you can make a lot of copies of text; led people to read and write more |
| atrolabe | navigation tool that was used to help in exploration. helped them measure the stars |
| Lines of Latitude and Longitude | helped in navigation- helped explorers be able to map out water routes |
| caravel | boat with a better design that helped it to travel faster which helped in exploration and could carry more goods. It could also float in shallow water |
| magnetic compass | Chinese invention, helped sailors find their direction when they were far away from land |
| Mosque | place of worship for Muslims (people who practice Islam) |
| Quran | the holy book of Islam |
| Technology | the use of scientific knowledge for practical purposes. |
| What countries led early exploration | Portugal and Spain |
| Vasco de Gama | Portuguese explorer who led the first voyage around Africa to get to India |
| Vikings | discovered the Americas before Columbus and lived there already |
| Line of Demarcation | imaginary line that split Spain and Portugal's territories in the Americas |
| Amerigo Vespucci | realized that South America was its own continent. Area named America in his honor. |
| cicumnavigate | to sail around the whole world |
| Ferdinand Magellan | credited with circumnavigating the globe even though he died before they made it all the way. His crew then took him the rest of the way. |
| conquistadors | Spanish conquerors- took over territories controlled by Aztec, Inca, etc |
| Francisco Pizzaro | Spanish conquistador that took over the Incan Empire in the Andes Mountains in present day Peru |
| Hernan Cortez | Spanish conquistador that took over the Aztec Empire in Mexico |
| Pueblos | towns |
| Missions | religious communities |
| Encomienda System | economic and social class structure of the Spanish colonies. Forced the natives to work for very little, they were overworked, underfed, and often died from exposure to European diseases |
| Peninsulares | European born people that moved to the colonies |
| creoles | children of the Peninsulares. Born in the Americas, but parents are European |
| Mestizos | People that have one parent with Spanish blood and one parent that is Native American |
| Native Americas | indigenous people. From the Americas BEFORE European contact |
| Slaves | enslaved people from Africa that were taken to the Americas. |
| Plantations | large estates; large farms where Natives and Africans were forced to work |
| Martin Luther | German priest who did not agree with some of the practices of the Catholic Church. He nailed a list of complaints to the church door in protest (Protestant Reformation). He and his followers broke away from the Catholic Church. |
| Protestant Reformation | Religious movement started by Martin Luther where people began to question the Catholic Church and break away from that organization to create other Protestant Christian churches. |
| John Calvin | A religious thinker from Switzerland that created the Calvinist Church. |
| King Henry VIII | Left the Catholic Church when the Pope wouldn't allow him to divorce his wife. Started the Anglican Church (the Church of England) |
| Mercantilism | an economic system based on a nation's power and its wealth. European nations wanted colonies so that they could take their resources to become wealthier. |
| Columbian Exchange | the first Global trade between Africa, Europe, Asia, and the Americas trading plants, animals, and diseases |
| Northwest Passage | a direct water route through the Americas to Asia |
| Henry Hudson | explorer that sailed for the Dutch and discovered the Hudson river. |
| Giovanni da Verrazano | explored the coast of North America |
| Cartier | sailed up the St. Lawrence River, hoping to find the Pacific Ocean and Asia. He did not. |
| Coureurs de bois | French fur trappers "runners of the woods" |
| Dutch West India Company | set up a colony near the Hudson River, that later became NYC |
| Explain four pieces of technology that helped European exploration | Caravel (faster ships that could carry more trade goods), magnetic compass (helped sailors find direction during navigation); maps (again, helped explorers navigate water routes); astrolabe (helped with navigation because it measured the stars) |
| Who was the European merchant that travelled to Asia in the 1200's and saw what China and Asia had to offer? | Marco Polo- He wrote a book about his travels and what he encountered. As the printing press was able to create more books, his stories spread. He inspired Christopher Columbus to explore |
| Two items Europeans wanted from Asia are... | Spices and Silk |
| the 5 social classes created by the Spanish in the Americas are... | Peninsulares, Creoles, Mestizos, Native Americans, Africans |
| Three types of Spanish settlements are... | Missions, Pueblos, and Presidios (military forts) |
| How were Native Americans treated by the Spanish | They were treated poorly. They were forced to do manual labor work for very little pay, they were exposed to diseases and underfed in the Encomienda System. Much of the population died from diseases the Europeans brought to the Americas. |
| When the Native Americans began to die off in large numbers because of Small Pox and other diseases, who did the Spanish look to replace them with? | the Spanish went to Africa and stole people from their land. They brought them to the Americas and forced them into Slavery, destroying powerful African civilizations for hundreds of years after. |
Created by:
mrselting