Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
MRSO exam @
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A cryogen released in the scan room will do what to the room pressure? Increase it Decrease it Vary it Not change it | Increase it |
| If a cryogen touches a patient skin, what would happen? Nothing 2nd-degree burn Frostbite/tissue necrosis Infection | Frostbite/tissue necrosis |
| change in pressure in the MRI scan room can do what to the patient during a malfunctioned quench? patient may experience ear pain from increased pressure Cause the room to shake A magnetic field around the scan table | A patient may experience ear pain from increased pressure |
| How cold is helium in its liquid state? 500 Kelvin -100 degrees Celsius 0 Kelvin ~4 Kelvin | ~4 Kelvin |
| If a cryogen is released into the MR room, what could occur in the patient? Asphyxia Neuropathy Bronchitis Proximity Burn | Asphyxia |
| The gas-to-liquid ratio of liquid helium is what? 1:2 200:1 700:1 1:1 | 700:1 |
| What occurs if a quench vent pathway fails? The gradient coils will be activated The RF transmitter will emit a resonant frequency Pressure within the MR scan room would increase The static magnetic field will increase in strength | Pressure within the MR scan room would increase |
| Which of the following is possible if a cryogen is released into the MR room? Have poor visibility All of the choices Air can condense on the walls Puddles of liquid air can accumulate on the floor | All of the choices |
| What is hypothermia? When the blood pressure increases dramatically When the blood pressure decreases dramatically When the body temperature gets dangerously warm When the body temperatures get dangerously cold | When the body temperatures get dangerously cold |
| Helium is very reactive? False True | False |
| A disease that may be connected with delivering gadolinium contrast to patients with compromised renal function is called? Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis Migraines Gadolinium deposition Cancer | Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis |
| Anthropogenic gadolinium can be described as what? When gadolinium is found in the water supply When the retention of gadolinium in specific tissues is present When the accumulation of gadolinium occurs in the body | When gadolinium is found in the water supply |
| The degree that a tissue demonstrates T1 and T2 relaxation post contrast media injection refer to what? Relaxivity Chelation Osmolarity Viscosity | Relaxivity |
| A contrast media with a high relaxivity will do what when compared to a contrast media with a lower relaxivity? It will produce more signal It will improve the resolution It will produce more image noise It will produce less signal | It will produce more signal |
| Which of the following gadolinium contrast agents will demonstrate the highest risk of NSF in patients who are in renal failure? Linear ionic contrast Macrocyclic ionic contrast Linear non-ionic contrast Macrocyclic non-ionic contrast | Linear ionic contrast |
| The frequency of acute adverse reactions to GBCA is about______times higher in patients with previous reaction to GBCM. 8 0.06 5 3 | 8 |
| The detection of gadolinium in the drinking water is called? NSF Anthropogenic Gadolinium retention Teratogenesis | Anthropogenic |
| Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis is caused by what? gadolinium ion breaks free from the ligand and remains in the body patient is allergic to gadolinium contrast media gadolinium ion is excreted from the body quickly | gadolinium ion breaks free from the ligand and remains in the body |
| Normal kidneys should excrete all gadolinium contrast from a patient how quickly? 12 hr 32 hr 24 hr 6 hr | 24 hr |
| A disease that causes fibrosis of the skin and organs of a patient who receives unstable gadolinium-based contrast media is called? Fibromyalgia Gadolinuim deposition Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis Musculoskeletal fibrosis | Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis |
| A patient receives many doses of gadolinium contrast over their lifetime. They come in for an MR brain and T1 shortening is seen pre-contrast in the dentate nuclei and basal ganglia. What is this ? Retained gadolinium Magnetohydrodynamic effect | Retained gadolinium |
| Which of the following are contraindication(s) to the administration of a GBCA? Sickle-cell Asthma Beta-blockers None of the above | None of the above |
| What is the national standard formula for pediatrics and eGFR? Bedside Schwartz CKD-EPI SER-EGFR MSDS | Bedside Schwartz |
| What is the FDA limit for the effects of peripheral nerve stimulation? 1 degree Celsius 300W/kg 300mT/m What the patient can tolerate | What the patient can tolerate |
| What is true of peripheral nerve stimulation? It is always life-threatening It can cause discomfort to the patient All of the choices An exam must be stopped if this occurs | It can cause discomfort to the patient |
| Which of the following is true if we increase the field of view from 200mm to 400mm? We use a stronger time-varying gradient magnetic field We use a weaker time-varying gradient magnetic field We increase the patient heating | We use a weaker time-varying gradient magnetic field |
| Which of the following is measured in milliseconds? The slew rate The rise time Maximum gradient peak Spatial gradient | The rise time |
| Which of the following will produce the greatest possibility of peripheral nerve stimulation when we change the following, but not the slew rate? Moving from a small matrix to a large image matrix Moving from a large matrix to a small image matrix | Moving from a small image matrix) to a large image matrix |
| Which of the following is measured in mT/m? The slew rate SAR The rise time Maximum gradient peak | Maximum gradient peak |
| 1.5T and 3T MR units typically have a maximum gradient peak of what? 20-35 mT/m 10-20 mT/m 0-20 mT/m 30-45 mT/m | 30-45 mT/m |
| Do not expose implant to more than 80% the maximum threshold of the gradient coils, means: That we must stay in normal operation mode. That we must stay in second-level mode That we must stay in first-level mode | That we must stay in normal operation mode. |
| The speed that the gradient coils can activate and deactivate is called the? Maximum gradient peak Spatial gradient The slew rate The rise time | The slew rate |
| Where will peripheral nerve stimulation be felt with the most intensity? At the level of the table when it is advanced Outside the gantry near the 5 gauss line Further away from isocenter in the gantry At isocenter | Further away from isocenter in the gantry |
| Which of the following pulse sequences will produce the greatest chance for peripheral nerve stimulation? EPI Fast spin echo Gradient echo Conventional spin echo | EPI |
| Which of the following concerns can be caused by the time-varying gradient magnetic field with a lead in the heart? Anaphylaxis Arrhythmia Muscle fatigue All of the choices | Arrhythmia |
| Which of the following is true if we increase the image matrix from 256×256 to 512×512? Our phase encoding gradients would activate a weaker magnetic gradient field Our phase encoding gradient would active a stronger magnetic gradient field | Our phase encoding gradient would active a stronger magnetic gradient field |
| Which of the following will minimize the chance of peripheral nerve stimulation when using the same slew rate? Going from a small image matrix to a large image matrix Going from a large image matrix to a small image matrix | Going from a large image matrix to a small image matrix |
| The slew rate influences which of the following? The translational forces The rotational forces The amount of heating in our patient The amount of induced stimulation in our patient | The amount of induced stimulation in our patient |
| Which of the following bioeffects are associated with the time-varying gradient magnetic field? Select all that apply. Significant heating Magnetohydrodynamic effect Magnetophosphenes Peripheral nerve stimulation | Magnetophosphenes |
| Which of the following is measured in T/m/s? The slew rate Spatial gradient Maximum gradient peak The rise time | The slew rate |
| Which of the following mechanisms of patient burning is associated with the antenna effect? Induced loop burning Ferrous induction Resonant burning Proximity burning | Resonant burning |
| Which of the following is a “heat sink” in MRI? Insulated wire All of the choices Ice pack Ferrous object | Ice pack |
| A burn that correlates with tissue in contact with the side of the bore at the level of the RF transmitter is referred to as what? Reflective burning Missile effect Proximity burning Resonant burning | Proximity burning |
| When discussing the distance from an RF transmitter and the biological effects witnessed, which of the following describe the area where the most energy is absorbed in implants and/or our patient? MR table Patients abdomen Danger zone Near field | Near field |
| What is another name for a parallel RF exposure? Quadrature Circular polarized None of the choices Linear | Linear |
| The IEC 60601-2-33 whole body normal operating mode is ___________ the energy requirements limited in the first level controlled operating mode. Not comparable to Double Half Triple | Half |
| An energy deposition mode set to normal operation mode will allow whole-body heating in a patient to what? 1 degree Celsius 0.5 degrees Celsius 2 degrees Celsius 3 degrees Celsius | 0.5 degrees Celsius |
| Which of the following will reduce the SAR? Select all that apply. Decreasing TR Increase the receiving bandwidth Decrease flip angle Increasing flip angle Move from normal operating mode to first-level controlled operation mode | Decrease flip angle |
| Loops created with tissue or devices can cause which of the following harmful effects when experiencing an RF exposure? Lenz’s force Peripheral nerve stimulation Burning Missile effect | Burning |
| Which of the following are mechanisms of patient burning in MRI due to the RF transmitter? Select all that apply. Resonant circuitry Near field effects Electrical conductivity The plastic coating on RF receiver coils | Resonant circuitry Near field effects Electrical conductivity |
| When discussing the distance from an RF transmitter and the biological effects witnessed, which of the following describe the area where burns can occur in proximity closest to the transmitter? Danger zone Near field Far field | Near field |
| Which of the following techniques can be used to increase the echo spacing? Select all that apply. Increase flip angle Increase receiving bandwidth Increase field of view Decrease receiving bandwidth Decrease the TR | Decrease receiving bandwidth |
| When can heating occur in a wire that is exposed to RF? In small round metal objects Only in ferrous objects When objects get smaller When the transmitted wavelength is half of the resonant frequency or is a multiple of the length of that | When the transmitted wavelength is half of the resonant frequency or is a multiple of the length of that |
| Patient whole body heating is limited to what in first level controlled operating mode? 1 degree Celsius 0.5 degree Celsius 3 degree Celsius 2 degree Celsius | 1 degree Celsius |
| An ice pack used to reduce the heating of a tattoo or superficial conductive object is termed what? Anti-conductor Insulation Heat sink Non-ferrous material | Heat sink |
| What is the SAR limit for the whole body in first-level controlled operating mode? 8 W/kg for 6 min. 7 W/kg for 6 min. 3 W/kg for 6 min. 4 W/kg for 6min. | 4 W/kg for 6min. |
| _________ diameter loop formed by tissues or devices with a _________ contact point will increase the chance for induced loop burns? Large; small Large; large Narrow; large Narrow; small | Large; small |
| Wires and leads can produce heat because they are what? Electrically conductive Diamagnetic Magnetic Reactive | Electrically conductive |
| Heating or focused hotspots are common in which of the following? Select all that apply. In areas outside the RF field In round small objects In devices with sharp points or edges Objects less than 2 cm in size | In devices with sharp points or edges |
| A ferrous object becomes magnetized, and it is the electrical induction due to Faraday’s Law which pulls the ferrous object into the magnet it is the changing magnetic fields that pull the ferrous object into the magnet. | it is the changing magnetic fields that pull the ferrous object into the magnet. |
| A ________ vector will produce a longer gradient of spatial magnetic fields along the longitudinal vector. A ________ vector, however, will produce a shorter gradient of the spatial magnetic field. horizontal, vertical | horizontal, vertical |
| An object that produces a weak repulsive force in the presence of a strong magnetic field is called what? Ferromagnetic Superparamagnetic Paramagnetic Diamagnetic | Diamagnetic |
| Which of the following are considered biological effects of the static magnetic field? All of the choices Translational forces Rotational forces Magnetohydrodynamic effect | Magnetohydrodynamic effect |
| Which of the following are true of the static magnetic field? Select all that apply. Will magnetize the patient while in the MRI unit Will demonstrate a growing magnetic field on the approach to the MR unit. | Will magnetize the patient while in the MRI unit Will demonstrate a growing magnetic field on the approach to the MR unit. |
| An object that retains a magnetic field as it is removed from a strong magnetic field is called what? Ferromagnetic Diamagnetic Paramagnetic Superparamagnetic | Ferromagnetic |
| What are the risks associated with translational force? Antenna effect Peripheral nerve stimulation Missile Effect Proximity heating | Missile Effect |
| The invisible fields that flow from the north pole to the south pole of a magnet are called? Radiant fields Magnetic flux lines Electrical current Voltages | Magnetic flux lines |
| An object that produces a weak attractive force in the presence of a strong magnetic field is called what? Paramagnetic Ferromagnetic Diamagnetic Superparamagnetic | Paramagnetic |
| Which are true of the static magnetic field? Select all that apply. Translational force and rotational force can occur with ferrous objects in their presence. Implants that have ferrous components can cause harm to patients in their presence. | Translational force and rotational force can occur with ferrous objects in their presence. Implants that have ferrous components can cause harm to patients in their presence. |
| Magnetophosphenes can be described as what? Visualizing an elevated T wave on the cardiac cycle Visually seeing flashing lights while moving around the MRI unit Iron in a patient’s blood that becomes magnetized | Visually seeing flashing lights while moving around the MRI unit |
| Blood flow in high static magnetic fields induces elevated voltages during MRI scans for synchronization purposes. This is known as the ________________, it increases the amplitude of the T wave, hindering correct R peak detection. | magnetohydrodynamic effect |
| What are the risks associated with rotational force? Torque on an implant Missile effect Peripheral nerve stimulation Antenna effect | Torque on an implant |
| What is teratogenesis? The ability and speed that a wound heals The development of congenital abnormalities in an embryo or fetus The development of cancers in tissues The process of hormones in a patient changing due to external forces | The development of congenital abnormalities in an embryo or fetus |
| Which of the following are NOT true of the static magnetic field? Select all that apply. It is the cause of magnetohydrodynamic effects only when the table is moving. It has been known to cause pregnancy-related issues. | It is the cause of magnetohydrodynamic effects only when the table is moving. It has been known to cause pregnancy-related issues. |
| During acquisition, it is noticed that the T wave of the cardiac cycle is elevated. What is this artifact is called? Magnetohydrodynamic effect Excitation Magnetophosphenes Teratogenesis | Magnetohydrodynamic effect |
| As blood flows through a vessel when blood is pumped from the heart, currents can be induced. The degree of this is caused by? Fringe field Magnetophosphenes Flow potential Translational forces | Flow potential |
| What is nystagmus? Involuntary coughing and sneezing Vision loss Involuntary movement of the eyes from side to side Experience different scents that are not really there | Involuntary movement of the eyes from side to side |
| Which of the following will demonstrate a level of translational force? Select all that apply. A silver heart stent A steel aneurysm clip Gadolinium contrast A titanium hip replacement | A steel aneurysm clip |
| A patient has an aneurysm clip in their brain, and they are having a brain MRI. What energy source is a risk to the patient? Static magnetic field RF field Time-varying gradient field All the choices | Static magnetic field |
| Which of the following are true of Lenz’s force? Select all that apply. Influence on an object depends on the field strength. Increases with the rate of motion through the static magnetic field. Influences objects that are electrically conductive. | All of them |
| What does discovery mean in a court case? A process of sentencing a defendant A new turn of events in a court case All of the choices A way to get records on someone named in a case | A way to get records on someone named in a case |
| Which of the following considerations for pregnancy are found I. Pregnant patients can be scanned in their first, second, and third trimester according to FDA, but it is recommended only in the second and third according to IEC 60601-2-33 document II. | I, II, IV |
| Which of the following are recommendations of the ACR Manual MR sites need MRI policies and should be reviewed on an annual basis. Every site should have an MR medical director. All incidents or near incidents should be reported to the FDA within 1 | MR sites need MRI policies and should be reviewed on an annual basis. Every site should have an MR medical director. All incidents or near incidents should be reported to the FDA within 1 business day. |
| A criminal case usually results in one of the following if the defendant is found guilty. Paying for damages Serving a sentence Serving a sentence and/or paying a fine Paying a fine | Serving a sentence and/or paying a fine |
| Which of the following is a true statement according to the ACR Manual on MRI Safety? All level 1 personnel are MR technologists. A level 1 or a level 2 personnel should be available within zone II to help an MRI technologist in case help is needed | A level 1 or a level 2 personnel should be available within zone II to help an MRI technologist in case help is needed |
| What organization has produced the terms used in MR labeling (MR Safe, MR Conditional, etc.)? ACR EPA OSHA ASTM International | ASTM International |
| A patient has a questionable implant and both the MRSO and MRMD are unsure if it is safe. The MRSE is contacted and communicates that the risk is low. Who is responsible for the safety of the patient in this situation? | MRMD |
| Which of the following are true of Zone III according to the ACR Manual on MRI Safety? Accessible by level 1 and 2 personnel An area for patients to wait A key lock system is recommended Might cause harm to patient with passive implants | Accessible by level 1 and 2 personnel A key lock system is recommended |
| Sound level is limited by the International standard IEC 60601-2-33 to what dBA during acquisition? 99dBA 120dBA 60dBA 200dBA | 99dBA |
| Which of the following is true of a crime in legal cases? It involves damages to a person or a person’s property. | It involves breaking a law. |
| A tort case results in which of the following if the defendant is found guilty? None of the choices Paying a fine to the government Serving a sentence Paying for damages | Paying for damages |
| Which of the following are categories of a crime? All of the choices Infraction Misdemeanor Felony | All of the choices |
| What is recommended according to the ACR Manual on MRI Safety? Metal detectors should be used Ferrodetectors should be used Tester magnets less than 1000G should be used Ferrous objects can only be scanned at 1.5T | Ferrodetectors should be used |
| The victim in a criminal case is referred to as? The defendent The victim The accused The plaintiff | The plaintiff |
| The accused in a criminal case is referred to as? The defendant The criminal The victim The plaintiff | The defendant |
| Which of the following is true of a tort in a legal case? It involves damages to a person or a person’s property. It involves an unintentional event that involves emotional stress on another person. It involves breaking a law. | It involves damages to a person or a person’s property. |
| Which of the following is true of Zone IV according to the ACR Manual on MRI Safety? Select all that apply. The MRI environment should be contained in this location This area should be monitored by a level 2 MR personnel Should be noted with signage | The MRI environment should be contained in this location This area should be monitored by a level 2 MR personnel Should be noted with signage |
Created by:
zach1710