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HDF Ch. 4
Our Sexual Selves
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A person's identity as sexual being arises from a combination of | physical, hormonal and social factors starting in childhood -sexual exploration starts at birth |
| Pansexual | captures both the fluidity and diversity of a person's sexual identity -the importance of emotion |
| Demisexuals | people who cannot be sexually aroused without a strong emotional bond being present |
| Sapiosexuals | cannot be sexually aroused without a strong intellectual bond |
| LGBTQA+ youth and adults have higher rates of | anxiety and depression, are in poorer physical health, more likely to live below poverty line, less likely to have insurance and denied a mortgage |
| From an exchange theory perspective, women's sexuality and associated fertility are resources that can be exchanged for | economic support, protection and status in society |
| The Interpersonal Exchange Model of Sexual Satisfaction | Balance of sexual rewards to sexual costs, comparison level of sexual rewards and level of sexual costs, equality of sexual rewards and sexual costs ----> sexual satisfaction----> relationship satisfaction |
| An interaction-constructionist perspective on human sexuality holds that people are influenced by the | sexual scripts that they learn from their culture -media, government, religion |
| Early America: Patriarchal Sexuality: | characterized by beliefs, values, and behaviors that protect the male line of descent -hysteria for women that masturbate |
| 1920s Flapper Era: Expressive Sexuality | basic to the humanness of both women and men and is less one-sided; human intimacy; sex outside marriage increases |
| Sexual Revolution of the 1960s | birth control pill, women's rights, liberal attitudes, sex education |
| 1980s and 1990s | AIDS; lack of support, largest protest in NYC |
| 21st Century | Increase acceptance of premarital sex, having sex in later in life, sexual recession-social media -Early sexual activity has been linked to lower marital quality and increase risk of divorce -gay marriage -sexting |
| Sex Outside Committed Relationships | Hooking up-casual sex, no communication or relationship after; alcohol -friends with benefits Advantages: minimizing relational commitments to accommodate time for self-development and sexual exploration |
| The Sexual Double Standard | women's sexual behavior must be more conservative than men's -held to a higher standard in terms of behavior and appearance |
| Sex within committed relationships | married couples have sex more often than single individuals -pregnancy-reduce sexual activity and satisfaction in younger marriages -work life reduces sex -as people get older, have sex less often (physical aging #1 cause) |
| Sexual wisdom | positive age-related changes in sexual skills, beliefs, and attitudes that maintain satisfying sex across the lifespan |
| Lack of sexual desire is caused by | older age, obesity, smoking, drugs, diabetes, antidepressants and blood pressure med, alcohol |
| Men stubborn about | receiving treatment if they have erectile dysfunction |
| 50% of Americans think | abortion is wrong |
| Sexual Infidelity | engaging in sexual relations with someone who is not one's own marriage or committed partner's -89% think its wrong -some choose to be polyamorous or consensually non-monogamous (gay men more accepting) |
| Emotional Infidelity | an "intense, primarily emotional nonsexual relationship" with someone who is not one's own marriage or partner -has increased because of older men and military veterans as a result of erectile dysfunction -loneliness was found to be a factor |
| Sexual infidelity more common in heterosexual couples where: | 1. wife is pregnant 2. partners spend little time together 3. husband economically dependent on wife 4. there is violence |
| Happily married people cheat due to an | identity crisis |
| Infidelity has long-term negative impacts: | emotional distress, depression and PTSD |
| An affair can have positive effects: | encouraging closer relationships, paying greater attention to communication, and placing a higher value on family but only a small percentage experience improvement |
| Pornography: some women report benefits of it: | explore sexuality, ideas to use in real-life sex, helps them to look and act sexy -may contribute to gender inequality and objectification of a female partner |
| Revenge Porn | distribution of sexually explicit images without consent and a form of sexual and emotional abuse -1/12 people are victim, gay men had higher rates |
| Sex Education | Girls receive more education than boys -porn remains a main source of info. about sex especially for boys |
| Comprehensive Sex Education (CSE) | includes info. about contraception, abstinence, healthy relationships and sexual orientation -varies from state to state -politically controversational |
| Abstinence-only-until-marriage (AOUM) programs | receive nearly 1.5 billion dollars from fed. gov. between 2001 and 2009; can have positive effects -no evidence that it is effective in delaying sex or preventing pregnancy -found to increase adolescent pregnancy in some states |
| As of 2023, 38 states and district of Columbia mandate | sex education; 25 states and D. C mandate sex and HIV education, 3 states only sex education and 10 states only HIV education -40 states and D. C require parents to be involved in sex education |
| Sexual Health: most common contraception | is the condom, followed by pill and other methods |
| STIs | are viruses, bacteria, or parasites that can be transmitted through sexual contact -U.S has the highest rate |
| HIV if left untreated leads to AIDS, most common among | gay and bisexual men, young adults, people living below poverty line, racial and ethnic minorities |
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