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BDK Quiz 5

Pharmacologic CategoryGeneric NameBrand NameClassificationCommon IndicationsEssential Knowledge
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) spironolactone Aldactone HTN, HF, ascites Key Side Effects: gynecomastia, hyperkalemia, hypotension
Loop diuretic furosemide Lasix Volume overload Key Side Effects: hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hyponatremia, hypotension US Boxed Warnings: fluid and electrolyte loss
Loop diuretic torsemide Soaanz Volume overload Key Side Effects: hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hyponatremia, hypotension
Beta1-selective beta-blocker atenolol Tenormin AF (rate control), CAD, HTN Key Side Effects: bradycardia, hypotension US Boxed Warnings: avoid abrupt discontinuation Other Notes: masks symptoms of hypoglycemia
Beta1-selective beta-blocker metoprolol tartrate (PO, IV) Lopressor AF (rate control), CAD, HTN Key Side Effects: bradycardia, hypotension US Boxed Warnings: avoid abrupt discontinuation Other Notes: masks symptoms of hypoglycemia
Beta1-selective beta-blocker metoprolol succinate (PO) Toprol-XL HF, AF (rate control), CAD, HTN Key Side Effects: bradycardia, hypotension Other Notes: masks symptoms of hypoglycemia
Beta1-selective beta-blocker nebivolol (PO) Bystolic HTN Key Side Effects: bradycardia, hypotension Other Notes: masks symptoms of hypoglycemia
Beta1-selective beta-blocker esmolol (IV) Brevibloc HTN, AF (rate control), hypertensive emergency Key Side Effects: bradycardia, hypotension Other Notes: masks symptoms of hypoglycemia; CI with pulmonary hypertension
Non-selective beta-blocker and alpha1 blocker carvedilol (PO) Coreg, Coreg CR HF, AF (rate control), CAD, HTN Key Side Effects: bradycardia, hypotension Other Notes: masks symptoms of hypoglycemia
Non-selective beta-blocker and alpha1 blocker labetalol (PO, IV) Trandate PO: HTN IV: hypertensive crisis Key Side Effects: bradycardia, hypotension Other Notes: masks symptoms of hypoglycemia
Non-selective beta-blocker propranolol (PO) Inderal LA, Inderal XL HTN, CAD, migraine prophylaxis Key Side Effects: bradycardia, hypotension Other Notes: masks symptoms of hypoglycemia
Alpha2 agonist clonidine (PO, transdermal) PO: Catapres, Transdermal: Catapres-TTS HTN, ADHD Key Side Effects: xerostomia, drowsiness, contact dermatitis (transdermal), hypotension US Boxed Warnings: avoid epidural use Other Notes: do not discontinue abruptly; taper to reduce rebound HTN
Direct arterial vasodilator hydralazine (PO, IV) Apresoline HTN Key Side Effects: hypotension, drug-induced lupus-like syndrome Other Notes: CI in CAD
Beta1, beta2, and alpha1 agonist epinephrine (IV, IM, SQ) Adrenalin, EpiPen Advanced cardiac life support, shock, anaphylaxis, bradycardia Key Side Effects: tachyarrhythmias, peripheral ischemia, hyperglycemia
Alpha1 agonist (predominantly), beta1 and beta2 agonist norepinephrine (IV) Levophed Shock Key Side Effects: tachyarrhythmias, peripheral ischemia US Boxed Warning: extravasation (central line administration preferred)
Anticoagulant, direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran (PO) Pradaxa AF (stroke prevention), VTE Key Side Effects: bleeding, dyspepsia US Boxed Warnings: premature discontinuation increases risk of thrombotic events; increased risk of epidural or spinal hematoma in patients undergoing spinal puncture Other Notes: swallow whole; dispense and store in original packaging; discard 4 months after opening
Anticoagulant, factor Xa inhibitor apixaban (PO) Eliquis AF (stroke prevention), VTE Key Side Effects: bleeding US Boxed Warnings: premature discontinuation increases risk of thrombotic events; increased risk of epidural or spinal hematoma in patient undergoing spinal puncture
Anticoagulant, factor Xa inhibitor rivaroxaban (PO) Xarelto AF (stroke prevention), VTE, PAD Key Side Effects: bleeding US Boxed Warnings: premature discontinuation increases risk of thrombotic events; increased risk of epidural or spinal hematoma in patient undergoing spinal puncture
Anticoagulant, vitamin K antagonist warfarin (PO) Coumadin, Jantoven AF (stroke prevention), VTE Key Side Effects: bleeding, skin necrosis US Boxed Warnings: bleeding risk Other Notes: narrow therapeutic index drug (toxicity may occur at concentrations close to therapeutic range; therapeutic monitoring recommended with INR) Other Notes: dose dependent tablet colors; consistent vitamin K intake recommended; many drug interactions
Anticoagulant, low molecular weight heparin enoxaparin (SQ) Lovenox ACS, VTE Key Side Effects: bleeding, HIT US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of epidural or spinal hematoma in patients undergoing spinal puncture Other Notes: do not expel air bubble from syringe prior to injection
Anticoagulant heparin (IV, SQ) --- ACS, VTE Key Side Effects: bleeding, hyperkalemia (chronic use), HIT
Antiplatelet agent clopidogrel (PO) Plavix ACS, CAD, stroke Key Side Effects: bleeding US Boxed Warnings: diminished effectiveness in poor metabolizers
Antiplatelet agent ticagrelor (PO) Brilinta ACS Key Side Effects: bleeding, dyspnea US Boxed Warnings: significant, sometimes fatal bleeding; do not exceed aspirin >100 mg daily due to reduced ticagrelor effectiveness
Antiplatelet agent aspirin (PO) Bayer, Bufferin, Ecotrin OTC ACS, stable angina, pain, stroke Key Side Effects: dyspepsia, heartburn, bleeding Other Notes: CI in NSAID or salicylate allergy, children and teenagers with viral infection (due to Reye’s syndrome), can cause tinnitus in salicylate overdose
Vasodilator nitroglycerin (SL) Nitrostat ACS, stable angina Key Side Effects: headache, flushing, syncope, dizziness Other Notes: do not use with PDE-5 Inhibitors; tachyphylaxis (tolerance/ ↓ effectiveness); can aggravate angina causes by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Fibrinolytic alteplase (intracatheter, IV) Intracatheter: Cathflo Activase, IV: Activase Intracatheter: catheter clearance IV: STEMI, acute ischemic stroke, PE Key Side Effects: bleeding Other Notes: CI in patients with severe uncontrolled HTN
Antiarrhythmic amiodarone (PO, IV) Pacerone, Nexterone AF (rhythm control), ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia Key Side Effects: hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, pulmonary toxicity, hepatotoxicity, epithelial keratopathy, photosensitivity US Boxed Warnings: intended only for life-threatening arrhythmias; pulmonary toxicity, hepatotoxicity; proarrhythmic Other Notes: many drug interactions
Cholesterol absorption inhibitor ezetimibe (PO) Zetia Dyslipidemia Key Side Effects: myalgias, diarrhea
Fibric acid derivative fenofibrate (PO) Tricor, Trilipix Hypertriglyceridemia Key Side Effects: dyspepsia, myopathy/rhabdomyolysis, elevated hepatic transaminases
Fibric acid derivative gemfibrozil (PO) Lopid Hypertriglyceridemia Key Side Effects: dyspepsia, myopathy/rhabdomyolysis, elevated hepatic transaminases
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor atorvastatin (PO) Lipitor Dyslipidemia, CAD, stroke Key Side Effects: myopathy/rhabdomyolysis Other Notes: avoid excessive grapefruit juice intake, avoid in pregnancy and breastfeeding
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor lovastatin (PO) Altoprev Dyslipidemia, CAD, stroke Key Side Effects: myopathy/rhabdomyolysis Other Notes: avoid excessive grapefruit juice intake, avoid in pregnancy and breastfeeding
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor pravastatin (PO) Pravachol Dyslipidemia, CAD, stroke Key Side Effects: myopathy/rhabdomyolysis Other Notes: avoid excessive grapefruit juice intake, avoid in pregnancy and breastfeeding
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor rosuvastatin (PO) Crestor Dyslipidemia, CAD, stroke Key Side Effects: myopathy/rhabdomyolysis Other Notes: avoid excessive grapefruit juice intake, avoid in pregnancy and breastfeeding
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor simvastatin (PO) Zocor Dyslipidemia, CAD, stroke Key Side Effects: myopathy/rhabdomyolysis Other Notes: avoid excessive grapefruit juice intake, avoid in pregnancy and breastfeeding
Omega-3 fatty acids omega-3 ethyl esters (PO) Lovaza OTC: various omega-3 formulations Rx: Lovaza & Vascepa Hypertriglyceridemia Key Side Effects: dyspepsia, eructation, fishy aftertaste Other Notes: can prolong bleeding time when used with other medication that can increase bleeding risk, use caution with fish/shellfish allergy
Omega-3 fatty acids icosapent ethyl (PO) Vascepa OTC: various omega-3 formulations Rx: Lovaza & Vascepa Hypertriglyceridemia Key Side Effects: eructation, arthralgia Other Notes: can prolong bleeding time when used with other medication that can increase bleeding risk, use caution with fish/shellfish allergy
Created by: Marquez35
 

 



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