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SEM Seasons Quiz

TermDefinition
Apparent Motion The movement an object seems to have because of the observer’s point of view or motion. The Sun’s daily path across our sky is apparent motion.
Rotation The spinning of an object on its axis. Earth rotates west to east about once every 24 hours.
Revolution The motion of one object around another. Earth revolves around the Sun about once each year.
Axis An imaginary line through an object that it rotates around.
Lunar Phase The shape of the Moon’s illuminated portion that we see from Earth.
Waxing The visible illuminated part of the Moon is increasing.
Waning The visible illuminated part of the Moon is decreasing.
Crescent A Moon phase with less than half of the visible disk illuminated.
Gibbous A Moon phase with more than half of the visible disk illuminated.
New Moon The Moon is roughly in the Sun’s direction from Earth, so the side facing us appears mostly dark.
First Quarter The Moon is about one-fourth through its phase cycle and appears half illuminated from Earth.
Full Moon The Moon is roughly opposite the Sun in our sky, so nearly the whole Earth-facing side appears illuminated.
Third Quarter The Moon is about three-fourths through its phase cycle and appears half illuminated while waning.
Lunar Cycle The repeating sequence of Moon phases, lasting about 29.5 days from one New Moon to the next.
Synchronous Rotation The Moon rotates once in about the same time it takes to orbit Earth, so nearly the same side always faces Earth.
Solar Eclipse The Moon moves between the Sun and Earth and blocks some or all of the Sun from view. It occurs near New Moon.
Lunar Eclipse Earth moves between the Sun and Moon and Earth’s shadow falls on the Moon. It occurs near Full Moon.
Umbra The darkest central part of a shadow.
Penumbra The lighter outer part of a shadow.
Orbital Plane The imaginary flat surface that contains an object’s orbit.
Axial Tilt The angle of a planet’s rotation axis. Earth’s axis is tilted about 23.5°.
Seasons Yearly changes caused mainly by Earth’s axial tilt as Earth revolves around the Sun, not by changing Earth–Sun distance.
Direct Sunlight Sunlight that strikes a surface at a higher angle and concentrates energy over a smaller area.
Indirect Sunlight Sunlight that strikes at a lower angle and spreads the same energy over a larger area.
Sunrise The time when the Sun appears above the eastern horizon.
Sunset The time when the Sun disappears below the western horizon.
Horizon The line where the sky appears to meet Earth's surface.
Sun Path The apparent path the Sun follows across the sky from sunrise to sunset.
Latitude A location's distance north or south of the equator.
Observer's Location The position on Earth from which an observation is made; changing location can change what is seen in the sky.
Revolution The movement of one object around another object.
Ecliptic The apparent yearly path of the Sun among the background stars.
Analemma The figure-eight pattern showing how the Sun's position at the same clock time changes throughout a year.
Created by: andrewpiraino
 

 



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