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unit 1 vocab
AP world unit 1 vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Abbasid Caliphate | dynasty of the Muslim empire of the caliphate that followed the Umayyad Caliphate; destroyed by the Mongol invasion in 1258 |
| Bantu Migrations | the spread of Bantu-speaking peoples from their homeland in what is now southern Nigeria to most of Africa |
| Bhakti Movement | Hindu devotional movement that flourished in the early modern era, emphasizing music, dance, poetry, and rituals as means by which to achieve direct union with the divine |
| Caste System | a rigid social system in India that gives every Indian a particular place in the social hierarchy from birth |
| Champa Rice | a quick-maturing, very resistant rice that could be harvested twice in one growing season |
| Civil Service Exam | : a system of testing designed to select the most studious and learned candidates for appointment as bureaucrats in the Chinese government |
| Crusades | a series of Christian holy wars conducted against nonbelievers |
| Delhi Sultanate | a Muslim kingdom that ruled parts of India from the 13th to the 16th centuries and was an Islamic state on the outside of the Caliphate system |
| Diaspora | any movement of the citizens of a population sharing the same ethnic descent |
| Ethiopia | Christian-led African kingdom that emerged in the 12th century; known for their rock hewn churches |
| Feudalism | a land system in which a king owned all the land and granted tracks to nobles in exchange for military loyalty, and nobles granted parts of their land to vassals or serfs who worked the land |
| Filial Piety | a Confucian virtue of respect, obedience, and care for one's parents and elderly family members |
| Grand Canal | an over 1,000 mile-long transportation waterway that allowed China to be the most populous trading area in the world during the Song Dynasty |
| Great Zimbabwe | a powerful state in the African interior that emerged from the growing trade in gold to the East African coast |
| Hausa Kingdoms: | a group of small, independent city-states in northern central Africa |
| House of Wisdom | an academic center for research and translation of foreign texts that was established in Baghdad by the Abbasid caliph al-Mamun |
| Imperial Bureaucracy | large organization in China in which appointed officials carried out the policies of the empire |
| Inca Empire | largest imperial state in the Americas in the 15th and 16th centuries. The empire spanned almost the entire coast of western South America |
| Indian Ocean Maritime System | a trade route across the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea |
| Kowtow | an act of deep respect shown by kneeling and bowing so low as to have one's head touching the ground |
| Majapahit Kingdom | : Buddhist Kingdom from 1293-1520 based in Java that gained power by controlling sea routes |
| Mali | trading empire that flourished in western Africa from the 13th to the 16th century and was known for its wealth |
| Mamluks | enslaved soldiers from the Abbasid era |
| Nasir al-Din al-Tusi | Persian mathematician; one of the most celebrated Islamic scholars |
| Neo-Confucianism | the revival of Confucian teachings during the Tang and Song dynasties and a subsequent synthesis of Confucianism with aspects of Buddhism and Daoism |
| Scholar Gentry: | Confucian educated social class that became the most influential social class of China |
| Song Dynasty | a Chinese imperial dynasty that ruled from 960 to 1279 that preceded the Yuan Dynasty |
| Srivijaya Empire | a Hindu sea-based empire based on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia which was an important trade center |
| Sufis | a mystical Muslim group that had successful missionaries. They believed they could become closer to God through prayer, fasting, and a simple life |
| Swahili | blended language that combined Bantu and Arabic languages and is still spoken today |
| Syncretism | the blending of elements from more than one religion into a distinct system of worship |
| Tang Dynasty | Chinese imperial dynasty which preceded the Song; one of the greatest periods of peace and prosperity in Chinese history, and it is remembered for its cultural achievements and its strong and centralized government |
| Trans-Saharan Trade Routes | networks of exchange that transformed West Africa by connecting it to the larger parts of the world |
| Vijayanagara Empire | an empire in southern India between 1336 and 1646; founded by the brothers Harihara and Bukka Raya in 1336 to protect the people in the southern region from the Muslim states, or sultanates, in the north |
| Angkor Wat | Temple complex of the Khmer Empire. |
| Cahokia | Ancient settlement of southern Indians in North America. |
| Carpa nan: | Massive Inca roadway system. |
| Chinampas | Raised field constructed along lake shores in Mesoamerica to increase agricultural yields. |
| Estates-general | Meeting of the three estates in France: Clergy, Nobility, and Commoners. |
| Fiefs | Farmed by peasants who were allowed to live on the land in exchange for taxes. |
| Foot binding: | Used to make women's feet stay small |
| Great schism | Separation of the Catholic church of the West from the Orthodox churches of the East. |
| Jizya | Yearly tax against non-Muslim residents of an Islamic country. |
| Magna carta: | Agreement imposed on King John to limit his power. |
| Mit’a system | A mandatory public labor service in the Inca Empire where citizens paid taxes through rotational work instead of money to build roads, bridges, and farms. |
| Serfs | : Could keep a portion of their harvests, but they sent the majority of their earnings to their lord. |
| Sinification | Assimilation or spread of Chinese culture. |
| Tenochtitlan | Capital of the Aztec Empire. |
| Three-field system | : Crop rotation in which a field is planted with one set of crops one year, a different set in the next year, and then left fallow in the third year. |
| Tributary system | The form for conducting diplomatic and trade relations with China before the fall of the Ch'ing dynasty in 1911. |
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