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Chapter 3
Neuro SLHS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| CNS Cell types | There are two main cell types (each with subtypes - Neurons - neuroglia cells - 90% of cells in the CNS are glial cells |
| Commonalities in CNS cells | - longest living cells in body - They are irreplaceable they need a steady ad abundant supply of glucose and oxygen |
| Multipolar (most common) | - Multiple extensions from the soma - one axon; many dentrites |
| Bipolar | - Two extensions (one dendrite and one axon) - Can have extensive branching of dendrites |
| Unipolar | - One extension (axon)that branches off and serve as dendrites |
| Pseudo-unipolar | - One extension (axon) with peripheral dendrites |
| Golgi 1 | - Long axons; >3ft - Large diameter - Motor and sensory |
| Golgi 2 | - shorter length - shorter diameter -smallest are called micro neurons or anaxonic |
| efferent | sending motor signals out |
| Afferent | taking sensory information in |
| Inter-neurons | connecting sensory and motor systems (reflexes) |
| neuron communication | neurons communicate by electrical and chemical signals |
| electrical signals | action potential within the neuron |
| Chemical signals | neurotransmitters between neurons in the synaptic space |
| Membrane potential | the difference in electrical charge inside a neuron versus outside a neuron |
| hyperpolarization | the difference in electrical charge between the inside and outside of the cell becomes smaller (and may disappear altogether or reverse) as the inside of the cell becomes more positive, thus decreasing the polarization |
| Depolarization | The process by which the resting (baseline) electrical polarization of neuron is re-established |
| REsting membranę potential | A net negative, intra-cellular charge (i.e., net positive extracellular to net negative intracellular) that is maintained through the sodium-potassium ion pump at rest in order to create a gradient and energy potential when membrane permeability is altere |
| Action potential | when the depolarization threshold is hit the action potential sends a wave of depolarization down the axon when the signal reaches the end of the axon, a neurotransmitter is released from the pre-synaptic cell and bind on receptors on the post-synapti |
| diseases that impact synaptic transmission | -parkinson's disease - multiple sclerosis - myasthenia graves patient experience -huntington disease schizophrenia |
Created by:
Livy_Marolda