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2nd Test Skeletal
Vertebral Column
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| vertebral column | strong flexible rod that supports trunk and permits movement. function: to protect spinal cord which travels through canal in vertebrae |
| convex curves | curve out. babies only have one |
| cervical curve | spine curves anteriorly. develops when babies learn to hold up their head |
| lumbar curve | curves from back to front. forms when they learn to stand and walk |
| intervertebral discs | between each vertebrae are compressible fibrocartilage |
| vertebrae | irregular bones |
| concave curves | curves in |
| thoracic curve and sacral curve | spine bends backward. they help us maintain balance, absorb shock, and strengthen spine |
| vertebral foramen | spinal cord travels through |
| transverse process | articulate with ribs |
| facets | connect one vertebrae to another |
| spinous process | protects spinal cord |
| body | supports weight of body |
| cervical vertebrae | neck region, supports head. lighter in weight, contains an additional foramen on the transverse process that allow arteries passage to brain. thinnest intervertebral discs. spinous process is slender and often bified. |
| atlas | first vertebrae. articulates with occipital condyles. it holds head and allows up and down motion |
| axis | second vertebrae. physically hooked into atlas via dense and allows head to rotate |
| Dens | physically hooks axis into atlas |
| thoracic | body is larger in size, articulates with ribs via the transverse processes, thin intervertebral disc, spinous process is long, thick, and slopes down |
| lumbar | back region, largest body, spinous process is short and blunt, transverse process is large and blunt, most massive intervertebral disc. |
| hyoid bone | horseshoe shaped bone. doesn't articulate with any other bone. supports tongue and some muscles |
| sacrum | large triangular bone forming posterior part of pelvis between hips. fusion of 5 vertebrae |
| coccyx | tail bone. 3-5 small fused bones attached to sacrum by ligaments |
| sternum | breast bone. thin narrow bone located along midline of chest. articulates with clavicle and ribs by way or costal cartilage |
| manubrium | upper part. attaches first and second rib |
| body | long, narrow middle. attaches 2nd through 7th rib |
| xiphoid process | hyaline cartilage end of sternum. ossifies by age of forty. attaches abdominal muscles |
| ribs | 12 pairs, attached to thoracic vertebrae. |
| true | 7 pair. direct attachment to sternum |
| false | 3 pair. attached to sternum by way of costal cartilage |
| floating | 2 pair. no attachment to sternum |
| appendicular skeleton | appendages outside midline |
| clavicle | collarbone. s-shaped, connects sternum and scapula, forms 1 joint in shoulder, holds shoulder in place during arm movement |
| scapula | triangle shaped bone on upper back. provides muscle attachment for shoulder and arm |
| scapulae spine | ridge felt across back |
| acromion process | unites with clavicle to form joint |
| coracoid process | anterior to acromion. provides attachments site for muscle and ligaments of arms and chest. |
| glenoid cavity | oval depression forming joint with head of humerus. |
| upper limbs | 60 bones (arms, wrists, hands, fingers) |
| humerus | long arm bone extending from shoulder to elbow |
| head (of humerus) | articulates with glenoid cavity of scapula |
| greater tubercle | projection. lateral side, attaches muscle |
| lesser tubercle | anterior side, attaches muscle |
| deltoid tuberosity | middle of shaft. attaches deltoid muscle to shoulder |
| capitulum | lateral side. articulates with radius |
| trochlea | medial side. articulates with ulna |
| coronoid fossa | depression that receives ulna process |
| olecranon fossa | posterior side. receives a process when arm is straightened |
| radius | thick, short, lateral bone of forearm(in line with thumb) |
| head (of radius) | proximal end. articulates with capitulum of humerus |
| radial tuberosity | rough surface below head attaches biceps muscle |
| styloid process | distal end, pointed projection provides attachments of ligaments in wrist |
| ulna | longer, medial |
| olecranon process | proximal projection that fits into olecranon fossa of humerus. forms the funny bone |
| semilunar (trochlear) notch | receives trochlea of humerus |
| carpals | 8 and forms the wrist |
| metacarpals | 5. palm of hand and form knuckles |
| phalanges | 14 and fingers. 2 bones in thumb. 3 in all other fingers (known as the distal, middle, and proximal |
| thumb | most flexible finger because of more muscles and rounded end |
| pelvic girdle | carries weight of lower limbs, provides support for upper body, provides attachments for lower limbs, protects organs and forms birth canal |
| coxal bone | hip. consists of 3 fused bones that form the pelvis |
| llium | large, upper portion of coxal |
| ischium | posterior, l-shaped |
| pubis | inferior, anterior |
| acetabulum | cup like depression where all 3 coxal bones fuse. it forms socket for head of femur |
| symphysis | joints 2 pubis bones together |
| sacroiliac | joints coxal bones to the sacrum |
| pelvic inlet | large opening that is important during child birth |
| male pelvic girdle | tilted backward, less than 90 degree angle, is narrow and heart shaped, has a long and narrow sacrum, immovable coccyx, and has thick and heavy bones |
| female pelvic girdle | tilted frontward, greater than 90 degree angle, is wide and oval shaped, has a wide short and curved sacrum, has a moveable coccyx, and has thin and light bones |
| lower limbs | legs, thigh, ankle, foot (60 bones) |
| femur | longest, heaviest bone in the body. it extends from coxal bone to your knee |
| head of femur | ball shaped end that fits into acetabulum to make hip joint |
| neck | constricted area below head. porous-not as hard and has more holes in it. common area for breaks |
| greater and lesser trochanter | processes that provide attachment of hip and thigh muscles |
| medial and lateral condyles | articulates with tibia |
| patellar surface | smooth side of anterior where patella(knee cap) is found |
| tibia | large, lower bone, medial side (weight bearer) |
| patella | knee cap |
| medial and lateral condyles | articulate with femur condyles |
| tibial tuberosity | below condyles |
| medial malleolus | pointed process on medial side of ankle |
| fibula | thin, twisted bone. lateral to tibia (balance bone) |
| head | articulates with lateral condyles of tibia |
| lateral malleolus | projection on outside of ankle |
| foot | 26 bones |
| tarsal bones | ankle (7) |
| talus | articulates with tibia and fibula. weight bearer |
| calcaneus | heel bone. largest and strongest in foot. it supports weight and attaches muscles of leg and foot |
| instep | 5 metatarsal bones |
| phalanges | toes. 2 bones in the big toe. 3 elsewhere |
Created by:
cj422