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Interm Acct. 2

QuestionAnswer
Change in Accounting Estimate Handled prospectively; affects current and future periods only.
Examples of Accounting Estimates Useful life, salvage value, bad debt %, warranty estimates.
Change in Accounting Principle Handled retrospectively; restate prior periods.
Examples of Accounting Principles FIFO to Weighted Average, Percentage of Completion to Completed Contract.
Correction of Error Prior‑period adjustment; fix beginning retained earnings and restate prior statements.
Prior‑Period Adjustment Adjustment to beginning retained earnings due to an error.
Retained Earnings Formula Beginning RE + Net Income – Dividends = Ending RE.
Gross Profit Revenue – Cost of Goods Sold.
Income from Continuing Operations Operating income + other revenues/expenses – interest – taxes.
Net Income Income from continuing operations ± discontinued operations.
Basic EPS Formula (Net Income – Preferred Dividends) ÷ Weighted Average Shares.
Single‑Step Income Statement Groups all revenues together and all expenses together; one subtraction.
Multi‑Step Income Statement Shows gross profit; separates operating vs non‑operating sections.
Income Statement Accounts Revenues, expenses, gains, losses, net income.
Statement of Retained Earnings Accounts Beginning RE, net income, dividends, ending RE.
Balance Sheet Accounts Assets, liabilities, equity.
Statement of Cash Flows Sections Operating, investing, financing.
Operating Cash Flows Net income, depreciation, changes in current assets/liabilities, interest paid, taxes paid.
Investing Cash Flows Buying/selling equipment, investments, lending money.
Financing Cash Flows Issuing stock, borrowing money, paying dividends, repaying principal.
Reconciling NI to Operating Cash Flow Add depreciation; subtract gains; add losses; adjust for changes in current assets/liabilities.
Current Assets Cash, A/R, inventory, prepaids.
Long‑Term Assets PPE, intangibles, long‑term investments.
Current Liabilities A/P, salaries payable, unearned revenue, short‑term notes.
Long‑Term Liabilities Bonds payable, long‑term notes, lease liabilities.
Comprehensive Income Net income + other comprehensive income.
Other Comprehensive Income (OCI) Unrealized gains/losses on AFS securities, foreign currency adjustments, pension adjustments, hedge adjustments.
Intangible Assets Patents, trademarks, copyrights, franchises, goodwill.
Purchased Intangibles Capitalized and amortized if finite life.
Internally Developed Intangibles Usually expensed
Financial Statement Relationship: Net Income Flows into retained earnings.
Financial Statement Relationship: Ending RE Appears in equity on the balance sheet.
Financial Statement Relationship: Ending Cash Must match cash on the balance sheet.
Financial Statement Relationship: Cash Flow Statement Explains change in cash between periods.
Accounting Equation Assets = Liabilities + Equity.
Cash Flow Equation Operating + Investing + Financing = Net Change in Cash.
Created by: user-1751855
 

 



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