Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
cosmo ch 6
Chapter 6 vocab words
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Acidic solution | A solution with a pH below 7. |
| Acid-alkali neutralization reaction | A reaction in which an acid and an alkali balance each other, forming water and a salt. |
| Alkaline solution | A solution with a pH above 7. |
| Alkalis | Bases that react with acids to form salts. |
| Alkanolamines | Alkaline substances used to neutralize acids or raise the pH of hair products. |
| Alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) | Acids derived from plants, mostly fruit, often used to exfoliate the skin. |
| Ammonia | A colorless gas made of hydrogen and nitrogen with a strong, pungent odor. |
| Anion | An ion with a negative electrical charge. |
| Atoms | The smallest chemical components of an element that retain the properties of that element. |
| Carcinogen | A substance that causes or is believed to cause cancer. |
| Cation | An ion with a positive electrical charge. |
| Chemical change | A change in the chemical composition or makeup of a substance. |
| Chemical properties | Characteristics that can be determined only through a chemical reaction or chemical change. |
| Chemistry | The science dealing with the composition, structure, and properties of matter and how matter changes. |
| Combustible | Material capable of igniting and burning. |
| Combustion | Rapid oxidation of a substance accompanied by the production of heat and light. |
| Compound molecules | Chemical combinations of two or more atoms of different elements in definite proportions. |
| Element | The simplest form of chemical matter; it cannot be broken down into a simpler substance without losing its identity. |
| Elemental molecule | A molecule containing two or more atoms of the same element in definite proportions. |
| Emulsifier | An ingredient that brings normally incompatible materials together and helps bind them into a stable mixture. |
| Emulsion | A physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances that normally will not stay mixed. |
| Endothermic reaction | A chemical reaction that requires absorption of energy or heat from an outside source. |
| Exothermic reaction | A chemical reaction that releases a significant amount of heat. |
| Flammable | Material capable of igniting and burning and generally easier to ignite than combustible material. |
| Glycerin | A colorless liquid or white crystalline substance with a strong, unpleasant odor; used in permanent waving solutions. |
| Glycolic acid | An alpha hydroxy acid commonly used in exfoliating products. |
| Hydrophilic | Having an attraction to water; “water-loving.” |
| Immiscible | Liquids that cannot be mixed together to form a stable solution. |
| Incompatible | Substances that should not be mixed or stored near each other. |
| Ion | An atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge. |
| Ionization | The separation of an atom or molecule into positive and negative ions. |
| Lipophilic | Having an affinity for or attraction to fats and oils; “oil-loving.” |
| Matter | Anything that occupies space and has mass. |
| Miscible | Liquids that can mix together to form a stable solution. |
| Molecule | A chemical combination of two or more atoms in definite proportions. |
| Mutagen | A substance that causes an increase in cellular mutations; some may cause cancer. |
| Neutrons | Subatomic particles with no electrical charge. |
| Oil-in-water emulsion | An emulsion in which oil droplets are dispersed in water (O/W). |
| Overexposure | Prolonged, repeated, or long-term exposure that can cause sensitivity. |
| Oxidation-reduction reaction (redox) | A chemical reaction involving oxidation and reduction; one substance gains oxygen while another loses oxygen. ons. |
| Oxidizing agent | A substance that releases oxygen or causes another substance to become oxidized. |
| pH | An abbreviation for potential hydrogen; a measure related to the amount of hydrogen ions. |
| pH scale | A scale used to measure how acidic or alkaline a solution is, from 0–14. |
| Physical change | A change in physical properties without changing the chemical identity of a substance. |
| Physical mixture | A combination of matter in any proportion in which the substances retain their identities. |
| Physical properties | Characteristics that can be determined without causing a chemical reaction or changing the substance. |
| Protons | Subatomic particles with a positive electrical charge. |
| Pure substance | A chemical combination of matter in definite proportions. it. |
| Reducing agent | A substance that adds hydrogen to a chemical compound or removes oxygen from it. |
| Safety Data Sheet (SDS) | A document containing information about a product’s ingredients, hazards, safe handling, and precautions. |
| Silicones | Special types of oils used in hair conditioners, water-resistant lubricants, and skin and nail polishes. |
| Sodium hydroxide | A very strong alkali used in chemical products and cleaners; commonly called lye. |
| Solute | The substance that is dissolved in a solution. |
| Solution | A stable, uniform mixture of two or more substances. |
| Solvent | The substance that dissolves the solute and makes a solution. |
| Surfactants | Substances that allow oil and water to mix, or emulsify. |
| Suspensions | Unstable physical mixtures of undissolved particles in a liquid. |
| Volatile alcohols | Alcohols that evaporate easily. |
| Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) | Organic compounds containing carbon that evaporate very easily. |
| Water-in-oil emulsion | An emulsion in which water droplets are dispersed in oil (W/O). |
Created by:
maddietmann10