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Burns

Anatomy, conditions, and treatment

QuestionAnswer
Rule of Nines Method of calculating TBSA where different sections of the body are worth different amounts
Rule of Palms Method of calculating TBSA where the pt's palm would account for 1% of their body
TBSA Total Body Surface Area
Wet, sterile dressing Less than 10% TBSA burned
Dry, sterile dressing More than 10% TBSA burned
First degree Superficial thickness
Second degree Partial thickness
Third degree Full thickness
Superficial thickness burn presentation Redness or darkened skin that does not blister
Partial thickness burn presentation Redness, intense pain, and blistering
What layer of skin is affected by 1st degree burns? Epidermis
What layer of skin is affected by 2nd degree burns? Epidermis and dermis
What layer of skin is affected by 3rd degree burns? Epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layers like muscle and bone
Full thickness burn presentation Dry, leathery, charred appearance with lack of feeling at the affected area
Main 2 characteristics for burns Depth and extent
Depth How deep into the skin is the burn
Extent How much surface area is burned
Circumferential burn Burn that goes completely around one part of the body
Life threats due to burns Infection due to breakage of the skin, hypovolemic shock due to losing fluid from broken skin, hypothermic due to broken skin, etc.
Inhalation burns Upper airway swelling early on, will progress as body and lungs grows more inflamed
Chemical inhalation More likely to be a lower airway problem of swelling and/or edema accumulating
Thermal burn Burn due to high exposure to heat
Flame burn Burn due to fire exposure
Scald burn Burn due to hot liquid
Contact burn Burn due to touching hot surfaces/items
Steam burn Burn due to hot gas
Flash burn Burn due to explosion
Signs/symptoms of inhalation burns Pulmonary edema (Crackles/rales), coughing, wheezing, stridor, voice hoarseness, soot around the nose/mouth, singed nasal/face hairs, grey/dark sputum etc
Grey/dark/brown sputum Sign of smoke inhalation
What burn patient populations are more critical? Pediatrics (under 5 years old) and older adults (over 55 years old)
Electrical burn Burn due to high voltage
Life threat associated with electrical burns Cardiac dysrhythmias or cardiac arrest
Chemical burn Burn due to harsh chemicals, such as acid
Treatment for chemical burns Flush away the chemicals as best as possible using sterile water/saline
Chemical powder Brush it off first then try to flush it
 

 



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