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Environmental
Conditions and treatment
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Hyperthermia | Body gets too hot, typically above 101F |
| Hypothermia | Body gets too cold, typically below 95F |
| Normothermia | Body is at normal temperature, typically 97-99F |
| Barometric emergencies | Issues due to pressure changes |
| HACE | High Altitude Cerebral Edema |
| HAPE | High Altitude Pulmonary Edema |
| HAFE | High Altitude Flatus Expulsion |
| 3 types of heat illnesses | Heat exhaustion, heat cramps, and heat stroke |
| Paradoxical undressing | Phenomenon where hypothermia progresses and the brain gets confused, thinking the body is hot the patient will start to remove their clothes |
| What heart rhythm are hypothermia patients most likley to go into? | Ventricular Fibrillation |
| What type of medication has the purpose of getting rid of excess fluid? | Diuretics |
| What populations should we worry the most if they are experiencing a temperature emergency? | Geriatrics and pediatrics |
| For water emergencies, what needs to be considered for AED usage? | Wiping the patient off before applying AED pads and moving them out of the water |
| Coral snake bite | Neurotoxic |
| Pit viper bite | Hemotoxic |
| Pit viper snakes | Rattle snakes, copperheads, water mocassins, etc |
| Jellyfish sting treatment | Removal of tentacles with a gloved hand and rinsing with vinegar or sea water |
| Decompression sickness | Occurs when a diver surfaces too suddenly |
| AGE | Arterial Gas Embolism |
| AMS | Acute Mountain Sickness |
| Convection | Heat transfer through circulating air |
| Conduction | Heat transfer through direct contact |
| Radiation | Heat transfer through radiant energy (such as sunlight) |
| Evaporation | Heat transfer through liquid becoming a gas |
| Respiration | Heat transfer through breathing |
| What are the 5 ways to gain/lose heat? | Convection, conduction, radiation, evaporation, respiration |
| Frostnip | Beginning stage of frost bite |
| Frostbite | Body parts become frozen |
| What parts of the body are most prone to frostbite? | Fingers, toes, cheeks, nose, and ears |
| Frostbite is what type of injury? | Localized |
| Hypothermia is what type of injury? | Systemic |
| What needs to be considered when wrapping frostbitten extremities? | Wrapping between fingers/toes so they do not freeze together |
| What heart rhythm are hypothermic patients most likely to go into? | Ventricular fibrillation |
| How long does a pulse check need to be for hypothermic patients? | At least 45 seconds |
| What heat illness is the most life-threatening? | Heat stroke |
| What temperature is considered cirteria for heat stroke? | 104F or above |
| Patients in heat stroke need to be cooled to what temperature before transport? | At least 102F |
| What is the most common heat illness? | Heat exhaustion |
| What heat illness is mainly caused by low electrolytes? | Heat cramps |
| Dehydration | Loss of fluids and electrolytes |
| What type of medications increase heat illness likelihood? | Diuretics, antihistamines, antidepressants, anticholinergics, cholinergics, and blood pressure medications |
| Thermoregulation | Patient's ability to fix their body temperature back to homoeostasis |
| Responders should not attempt rewarming if there is a chance of what? | Refreezing the affected body parts |
| What is the typical first sign of heat illnesses? | AMS |
| Typical skin condition of heat exhaustion patient | Hot and diaphoretic |
| Typical skin condition of heat stroke patient | Cool and dry or cool and clammy |
| What is the priority treatment for drowning victims? | Respiratory |
| Lightning strike victims need what type of triage? | Reverse triage |
| Diving reflex | Whenever a person dives/jumps into very cold water their heart rate will decrease |
| SCUBA | Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus |
| What are the 3 main concerns for snake/insect bites/stings? | Soft tissue damage, infection, and envenomation |
| What is the most common diving injury? | Air embolism |
| The Bends is also known as what? | Decompression sickness |
| Decompression sickness | Bubbles of gas (typically nitrogen) build up and block blood vessels |
| Brown recluse spider bite | Cytotoxic |
| Black widow spider bite | Neurotoxic |
| Most common chief complaint for black widow bites | Abdominal cramping/pain |
| Most common chief complaint for the bends | Joint pain |
| Hymenoptera | Group of insects that includes bees, wasps, yellowjackets, and ants |
| Urticaria | Hives |
| Pit viper snake examples | Cottonmouths, rattlesnakes, and copperheads |
| Pit viper venom | Hemotoxic |
| Coral snake venom | Neurotoxic |
| Tick bites can lead to what? | Lyme disease |
| What should you rinse most marine stings with? | Vinegar or sea water |
| Bull's eye rash is a sign of what? | Tick bite |
| Neurotoxic | Toxic to the brain |
| Hemotoxic | Toxic to the blood |
| Cytotoxic | Toxic to the cells/tissue |
| Drowning | Process of experiencing respiratory impairment from submersion/immersion in liquid |
| What are the body's 2 main mechanisms for cooling itself? | Sweating and vasodilation |
| What should be removed for snake/insect bite victims? | Tight clothing, watches, rings, bracelets, etc |
| What should be removed for cold injuries? | Wet clothing |
| Acute Mountain Sickness | Beginning stage of high altitude illnesses |
| Acclimitize | Body adjusting to new conditions, such as atmospheric pressure |
| High Altitude Pulmonary Edema | Fluid accumulation and swelling of the lungs due to increased altitude |
| High Altitude Cerebral Edema | Fluid accumulation and swelling of the brain due to increased altitude |
| What is the best treatment for high altitude illnesses? | Descent to a lower altitude |
Created by:
santafecollegeemt