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Neurology
Neuro vocab + concepts
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Sympathetic nervous system | Fight or flight |
| Parasympathetic nervous system | Rest and digest |
| Syncope | Momentary loss of consciousness |
| Neurology | Study of the brain + nerves |
| Frontal lobe | Personality, decision making, and critical thinking |
| Parietal lobe | Touch and spatial processing |
| Temporal lobe | Hearing and memory |
| Occipital lobe | Vision |
| Cerebellum | Balance and coordination |
| Brainstem | Vital + automatic functions |
| Thalamus | Sensory relay |
| Hypothalamus | Homeostasis |
| Hippocampus | Memory formation |
| Amygdala | Emotional processing + survival response |
| Medulla Oblongata | Basic functions (breathing, pulse, etc) |
| Epilepsy | Medical disorder that leads to abnormal electrical activity in the brain which causes seizures and/or loss of consciousness |
| AMS | Altered Mental Status |
| Expressive aphasia | Inability to produce words |
| Receptive aphasia | Inability to comprehend spoken/written language |
| The 2 types of stroke | Ischemic and hemorrhagic |
| Ischemic stroke | Stroke caused by a blockage |
| Hemorrhagic stroke | Stroke caused by blood vessel rupture |
| Altered mental status | Any deviation from the normal A and O x4 (alert and oriented to person, place, time, and event) |
| Acronym for stroke assessment | BEFAST |
| B of BEFAST | Balance |
| E of BEFAST | Eye movement |
| F of BEFAST | Facial droop |
| A of BEFAST | Arm drift |
| S of BEFAST | Slurred speech |
| T of BEFAST | Time |
| CVA | Cerebrovascular accident |
| Another term for stroke | CVA |
| Stroke | Interruption of blood flow to the brain that results in change of brain function |
| Coma | State of unconsciousness where patient cannot be woken |
| Dysarthria | Slurred speech |
| Dementia | Progressive disease that leads to cognitive decline, impaired memory, and change in behavior |
| Hemiparesis | One-sided weakness of the body |
| Hemiparalysis | One-sided numbness/paralysis of the body |
| Febrile seizure | Seizure due to sudden high fever |
| Population mainly affected by febrile seizures | Pediatrics |
| Focal seizure | Seizure affecting only part of the brain |
| Generalized seizure | Seizure characterized by severe twitching of the body's muscles |
| What is the old name for generalized seizures? | Grand mal seizures |
| Urinary incontinence | Inability to control one's bladder, leading to urine leakage |
| Fecal incontinence | Inability to control one's bowels, leading to fecal leakage |
| Postictal state | Period after a seizure where the patient experiences AMS, typically accompanied by labored breathing as well |
| Status epilepticus | Condition where seizures are recurring every few minutes without regaining consciousness in between, or if seizures last longer than 30 minutes |
| Syncope | Fainting spell/brief loss of consciousness |
| TIA | Transient Ischemic Attack |
| Transient Ischemic Attack | Temporary change of brain function due to lack of oxygen, causing stroke like symptoms. Typically resolves within 24 hours |
| ICP | Intracranial Pressure |
| Left sided stroke common symptoms | Aphasia and paralysis/weakness of right side of the body |
| Right sided stroke common symptoms | Dysarthria (slurred speech), neglect of affected side, and paralysis/weakness of left side of the body |
| Which lobe is most likely to be affected by a stroke in the back part of the brain? | Occipital lobe |
| Neglect | Common right sided stroke symptom where the patient seems to be unaware that their affected side exists |
| Ictal asystole | Seizure activity that leads to the heart stopping |
| Thunderclap headache | Very sudden, severe headache |
| Aneurysm | Swelling and weakness of the arterial wall |
| Aura | Visual disturbance that is common before a seizure or migraine |
| Hallucination | Perceiving stimuli that is not actually there (ex: hearing voices when nobody is talking, seeing people that are not present, etc) |
| D1 of stoke care | Detection |
| D2 of stoke care | Dispatch |
| D3 of stroke care | Delivery |
| D4 of stroke care | Door |
| D5 of stroke care | Data |
| D6 of stroke care | Decision |
| D7 of stroke care | Drug/Device |
| D8 of stroke care | Disposition |
| What kind of medication is given for ischemic strokes? | Fibrinolytics |
| Function of fibrinolytic drugs | Breaks up clots |
| Another acronym for assessing AMS | AEIOUTIPS |
| A of AEIOUTIPS | Alcohol |
| E of AEIOUTIPS | Epilepsy, endocrine, and electrolytes |
| I of AEIOUTIPS | Insulin |
| O of AEIOUTIPS | Opioids and other drugs |
| U of AEIOUTIPS | Uremia (urea built up in the body) |
| T of AEIOUTIPS | Trauma, temperature |
| I of AEIOUTIPS | Infection |
| P of AEIOUTIPS | Poisoning and psychological |
| S of AEIOUTIPS | Shock, stroke, seizure, syncope, subarachnoid hemorrhage |
| Recommended time range for fibrinolytics (per AHA) | 3 hours from onset of symptoms |
| Recommended time range for getting a CT scan from the time of arrival to the ER | 25 minutes |
| Recommended time range for CT scan being conducted to when it is read by a physician | 45 minutes |
| PERRL | Pupils Equally Round and Reactive to Light |
| Normal pupil size | 4mm |
| What type of stroke is most common? | Ischemic |
| Absence seizure | Seizure characterized by a blank stare and brief lapse of consciousness |
| What is the most significant risk factor for a hemorrhagic stoke? | Hypertension |
| CNS | Central Nervous System |
| PNS | Peripheral Nervous System |
| Central Nervous System | Main control center of the body |
| Peripheral Nervous System | Communication network for the body |
Created by:
santafecollegeemt