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chapter 24 25 bio
chapter 24 25
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Life | A self-sustaining chemical system capable of Darwinian evolution |
| Homeostasis | Ability to regulate an internal environment |
| Organization | Living things are ordered and composed of one or more cells |
| Metabolism | Ability to transform energy into cellular components |
| Growth | Forms cellular components faster than they are lost |
| Adaptation | Ability to undergo evolutionary change in response to environments |
| Response to Stimuli | Movement toward or away from a stimulus |
| Reproduction | Ability to produce new versions of itself |
| Prokaryote | Single-celled organism in the Domains Bacteria or Archaea |
| Abiotic Synthesis | Production of organic molecules without living organisms |
| Macromolecule | Large molecule formed by joining smaller molecules |
| Protocell | Membrane-bound structure that maintained unique internal chemistry |
| Self-Replicating RNA | RNA capable of copying itself and potentially supporting evolution |
| Ribozyme | RNA molecule that can catalyze chemical reactions |
| Miller-Urey Experiment | Experiment showing organic molecules could form under early Earth conditions |
| Primordial Soup | Early Earth environment containing simple organic molecules |
| Stromatolite | Layered rock formed by prokaryotes binding sediment together |
| Cyanobacteria | Photosynthetic bacteria that helped increase oxygen in Earth's atmosphere |
| Autotroph | Organism that uses CO2 or a related compound as its carbon source |
| Heterotroph | Organism that requires organic nutrients to make organic compounds |
| Phototroph | Organism that obtains energy from light |
| Chemotroph | Organism that obtains energy from chemicals |
| Binary Fission | Rapid prokaryotic reproduction in which one cell divides into two |
| Genetic Recombination | Combination of DNA from two different sources |
| Transformation | Assimilation of external DNA by a prokaryotic cell |
| Transduction | DNA transfer between bacterial cells by a phage |
| Conjugation | Direct DNA transfer between prokaryotic cells |
| Pilus | Structure that pulls bacterial cells together during conjugation |
| Phage | Virus that infects bacteria |
| Antibiotic Resistance | Ability of bacteria to survive antibiotics due to resistant genes |
| Phage Therapy | Using bacteriophages to infect and kill bacteria |
| Eukaryote | Cell with a nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles |
| Cytoskeleton | Network of fibers that supports cell shape, movement, and growth |
| Endosymbiosis | Symbiotic relationship where one organism lives inside another |
| Endosymbiont Theory | Theory that mitochondria and plastids originated from bacteria living inside larger cells |
| Mitochondria | Organelles believed to have originated through endosymbiosis |
| Plastids | Organelles including chloroplasts that originated through endosymbiosis |
| Primary Endosymbiosis | Process where a eukaryotic cell engulfed a prokaryote that became a plastid |
| Secondary Endosymbiosis | Process where a eukaryote engulfed another eukaryote containing a plastid |
| Multicellularity | Organization of many connected cells into a larger organism |
| Colonial Organism | Collection of connected cells with little or no differentiation |
| Extracellular Matrix | Material outside cells that facilitates cell connectivity and interaction |
| Choanoflagellates | Closest living relatives of animals |
| Protist | Eukaryote that may be unicellular, colonial, or multicellular |
| Photoautotroph | Organism that gets energy from light and carbon from CO2 |
| Heterotroph | Organism that obtains organic nutrients for energy and carbon |
| Photosynthetic Protists | Protists that perform photosynthesis and contribute significantly to Earth's photosynthesis |
| Malaria | Human disease caused by the protist Plasmodium |
| Sleeping Sickness | Human disease caused by the protist Trypanosoma |
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