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chapter 22 bio
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Population | A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area that interbreed and produce fertile offspring |
| Morphological Species Concept | Species determined by measurable anatomical criteria such as body shape or structural features |
| Ecological Species Concept | Species defined by their ecological niche, including how they interact with living and nonliving parts of their environment |
| Biological Species Concept | Populations that can interbreed in nature and produce viable, fertile offspring |
| Reproductive Isolation | Biological factors that prevent members of two species from interbreeding and producing viable, fertile offspring |
| Prezygotic Barrier | A reproductive barrier that prevents fertilization from occurring |
| Postzygotic Barrier | A reproductive barrier that occurs after a hybrid zygote forms |
| Habitat Isolation | Species occupy different habitats and rarely encounter each other |
| Temporal Isolation | Species reproduce at different times of day, seasons, or years |
| Behavioral Isolation | Different courtship rituals or behaviors prevent mating between species |
| Mechanical Isolation | Morphological differences prevent successful mating |
| Gametic Isolation | Sperm from one species cannot fertilize eggs from another species |
| Reduced Hybrid Viability | Genes from different species impair hybrid development or survival |
| Reduced Hybrid Fertility | Hybrids survive but are unable to produce fertile offspring |
| Hybrid Breakdown | First-generation hybrids are viable and fertile, but later generations are not |
| Allopatric Speciation | Speciation caused by geographic isolation that interrupts gene flow |
| Sympatric Speciation | Speciation occurring between populations living in the same geographic area |
| Polyploidy | Having extra sets of chromosomes that can contribute to sympatric speciation |
| Autopolyploidy | Polyploidy involving chromosome duplication within one species |
| Allopolyploidy | Polyploidy resulting from chromosome combinations from different species |
| Habitat Differentiation | Populations in the same area use different habitats and encounter each other rarely |
| Sexual Selection | Differences in mating preferences that can contribute to sympatric speciation |
| Hybrid Zone | Region where different species meet and mate, producing offspring of mixed ancestry |
| Hybridization | Mating between different species that produces hybrid offspring |
| Gradualism | Evolution occurs through the gradual accumulation of small changes |
| Punctuated Equilibrium | Long periods of little evolutionary change interrupted by short periods of rapid change |
| Gene Flow | Movement of genes between populations through migration and reproduction |
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