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Chapter 1
Neuro SLHS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Major components of the nervous system | central nervous system and peripheral nervous system |
| Grey matter | neuron cell bodies; generate signals |
| white matter | neuron cell axons; carry signals |
| matter in brain vs spinal cord | brain: grey matter outside, white matter inside Spinal cord: White matter outside, grey matter inside |
| Efferent | Outgoing motor response |
| Afferent | incoming afferent neurons |
| PNS | Peripheral nervous system: - Autonomic unconscious control of body systems (sympathetic: fight, flight, or freeze), (Parasympathetic: return to rest) - somatic: voluntary control of body Any neurons/fibers that are not CNS are in the PNS |
| CNS | central nervous system: - Brain (controls all functions) - Spinal Cord (connects brain and body) |
| laterality of brain organization | Contralateral sensorimotor control everything below the neck is controlled by the opposite side of the brain the right hemisphere controls the left side of the body |
| Temporal lobe function | - auditory processing - language processing (left posterior superior temporal lobe) - primary auditory cortex - Memory - Olfaction |
| Occipital lobe | - vision - it's about seeing |
| longitudinal fissure | longest --> front to back separates right and left |
| Inferior frontal gyrus | - Broca's area - BA 44 - Posterior portion of the LEFT inferior frontal gyrus - pars opercularis and triangular |
| Brainstem - medulla oblongata | - Contains all of the motor fibers that descend to the spinal cord - contains all the sensory fibers that carry sensory information (ascend) from the body to the rostral areas of the brain |
| Primary cortices | - the main region receiving or sending a certain type of information - They complete BASIC processing infomration - Unimodal: only process one type of information - cannot connect to other primary cortices |
| Secondary association cortices | - Receive information from the primary cortices - complete more complex processing - unimodal |
| Tertiary association cortices | -receive information from the primary and secondary cortices -complete high level processing of information - are heteromoda;: processes multiple types of information - combine one type of information with other types |
| interconnectivity in the brain | -Primary cortices not directly connected to one another, but are connected to secondary areas - secondary/tertiary association cortices are directly connected to one another and to primary association areas |
| Association Fibers (5) | Connect cortical areas in the same hemisphere of the brain - Intrahemispheric: confined within hemisphere - short - bend around a sulcus, connect adjacent gyro - long - connect more distant cortical areas |
| commissural fibers (3) | connects the 2 hemispheres of the brain - interhemispheric: between hemispheres - most inter hemispheric connections are between homotopic areas |
| Projection fibers (5) | descending and ascending axonal bundles of fibers mediating sensory and motor functions |
| Anterior commissure | interconnects olfactory and part of limbic system |
| hippocampal or posterior commissure | interconnects part of limbic system |
| Callosotomy (commissurotomy) and split-brain syndrome | A complete sectioning of the corpus callous - no communication between left and right hemispheres Partial sectioning now performed |
| Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus (SLF) | - connects all four lobes within each hemisphere connects Broca's areas to Wernicke's area |
| Arcuate Fasciculus | Deepest part of SLF |
| inferior longitudinal fascicles (ILF) | - Beneath Sylvia fissure (lateral sulcus) and insular cortex - connects temporal and occipital lobes |
| Uncinate Fasciculus | short - Shaped - Connects anterior temporal lobe and VPFC |
| Cingulum | Wraps tightly around corpus collosum beneath cingulate gyrus - connects medial, frontal, parietal cortices with temporal cortex |
| Association fibers listed | - superiori longitudinal fascicles - Inferior longitudinal fasciculus - cingulum - uncinate fasciculus - Arcuate fasciculus |
| Anatomy of the neuron | - cell body (soma) - Nucleus - dendrites - axons - axon terminals (aka bouton) of the axon |
| Cell body (soma) | contains cytoplasm necessary for cellular metabolism |
| Nucleus | contains DNA responsible for cell activity |
| Dendrites | receive neural signals |
| axons | transmit neural signals. Contact between the axon and dendrites are referred to as synapses |
| axon terminals (aka bouton) | end of the axon |
Created by:
Livy_Marolda