Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Blood lymph immune
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| red blood cells and plasma in the blood transport what in the body | substances |
| white blood cells do what | fight infection |
| platelets do what | clot blood, agglutinate at a site of damage and they release substances that contribute to clot formation |
| blood components include | plasma and blood cells (erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets) |
| erythrocytes are what | red blood cells. enucleated biconcave disks |
| leukocytes are what | white blood cells, spherical with a large nucleus |
| the average adult has how many lites of blood | 5 |
| blood is a mixture of what | cells floating in watery plasma |
| what are the three types of blood cells | erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets |
| where are blood cells produced | bone marrow |
| about 55% of the blood is what | plasma |
| plasma is 90%-92% what | water |
| plasma is 8%-10% what | dissolved substances, protein is among one of them |
| what does albumin transport | fatty substances |
| gamma globulins act as what | antibodies |
| fibrinogen is a what | clotting protein |
| adults have how many red blood cells | 35 trillion |
| what gives red blood cells their color | hemoglobin |
| what is hemoglobin | a pigment containing iron |
| what cells is responsible for transporting oxygen | red blood cell |
| how many days can red blood cells live and what are they removed by | 120 days and they are removed from circulation by the liver |
| white blood cells provide protection against what | pathogens |
| what are the two types of white blood cells | granulocytes, agranulocytes |
| do granulocytes have a granule | yes |
| do agranulocytes have a granule | no |
| what are the three types of granulocytes | basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils (white blood cells) |
| what do basophils do | release histamine and heparin to damaged tissue (white blood cell) |
| what do eosinophils do | destroy parasites and increase during allergic reactions (white blood cell) |
| what do neutrophils do | engulf foreign material and dead cells via phagocytosis (white blood cell) |
| what are the two types of agranulocytes | monocytes and lymphocytes (white blood cells) |
| what do monocytes do | engulf foreign/damaged cells via phagocytosis (white blood cell) |
| what do lymphocytes do | provide protection during immune response (white blood cell) |
| what are the smallest formed element of blood | platelets |
| what are platelets | platelike fragments of larger cells that have broken apart |
| true of false: each persons blood is different from the blood of others | true |
| what causes the difference in peoples blood | marker protiens on the surface of erythrocytes cause these differences |
| what must be done before a blood transfusion | blood typing |
| what test determines whether donor blood is compatible with recipient blood | blood typing |
| what are the two possible red blood cell markers | A and B |
| blood with the A marker is what type of blood | type A blood |
| type A blood produces what type of antibodies | anti-B, they attack antibodies with type B blood |
| blood with B markers is | type B blood |
| type B blood produces what type of antibodies | Anti-A, they attack antibodies with type A blood |
| what are the two possible red blood cell markers | A and B |
| Blood with both markers is what type of blood | AB blood |
| type AB blood produces no what | antibodies, it will attack no other blood types |
| blood with no markers is what type of blood | O blood |
| type O blood produces both what | anti-A and anti-B antibodies, it will attack all other blood types, but it has neither A nor B markers, so its not attacked by anti-bodies in other blood types |
| what is the universal donor | type O blood |
| type AB blood has no what | antibodies, it can't attack other blood types, universal recipiant |
| what is the universal recipiant | blood type AB |
| there are two possibilities for RH factor | RH positive and RH negative |
| blood with RH factor is | RH positive, doesnt make anti-RH antibodies, cant attack RH negative blood, can recieve either type |
| blood without RH factor is | RH negative, it makes anti-RH antibodies, will attack positive blood, can only recieve RH negative blood |
| coagul/o | clotting |
| cyt/o | cell |
| erythr/o | red |
| fibrin/o | fibers |
| hem/o | blood |
| hemat/o | blood |
| leuk/o | white |
| lymph/o | lymph |
| morph/o | shape |
| myel/o | bone marrow |
| phleb/o | vein |
| septic/o | infection |
| thromb/o | clot |
| cyte | cell |
| cytic | pertaining to cells |
| cytosis | more than the normal number of cells |
| emia | blood condition |
| globin | protien |
| lytic | destruction |
| osis | abnormal condition |
| otomy | cutting into |
| rrhage | abnormal flow |
| rrhagic | pertaining to abnormal flow |
| tic | pertaining to |
| contra | against |
| dys | abnormal |
| hyper | excessive |
| poly | many |
| fibrinous | pertaining to having fibers |
| leukocytic | pertaining to a white blood cell |
| lymphocytic | pertaining to a WBC formed in lymphatic tissue |
| thrombocytic | pertaining to a clotting cell or platelets |
| thrombotic | pertaining to a clot |
| hematology | specializes in treatment/diseases of blood. hematologist |
| phlebotomy | puncture of vein to remove blood for diagnostic test, also called venipuncture. phlebotomist |
| acidosis | abnormal condition where pH of blood is too low (too acidic) |
| alkalosis | abnormal condition where pH of blood is too high (too alkaline) |
| coagulate | to convert liquid to a solid, blood clotting |
| dyscrasia | general term for disease affecting blood |
| hematoma | collection of blood under skin bc blood escaping into tissue from damaged blood vessels |
| hemorrhage | blood flowing out of a vessel |
| thrombus | hard collection of fibrin/blood cells/tissue derbis that can result in blood clotting process |
| pancytopenia | having too few of all blood cells |
| septicemia | having bacteria/toxins in bloodstream, also called blood poisoning |
| anemia | group of conditions, reduction in number of RBCs/amount of hemoglobin, less oxygen reaching tissues |
| aplastic anemia | severe anemia, red marrow stops making sufficient blood cells, bone marrow transplant |
| erythropenia | condition of having too few RBCs |
| hemolytic disease of the new born | condition developing in baby when moms blood is RH- and baby is RH+ |
| hemolytic reaction | destruction of RBCs when patient recieves incompatible blood transfusion |
| iron deficiency anemia | insufficient amount of iron to make hemoglobin for RBCs |
| pernicious anemia (PA) | insufficient absorption of vitamin B12, unable to make enough RBCs |
| polycythemia vera | too many RBCs, blood too thick, flows sluggishly |
| sickle cell anemia | genetic disorder, body unable to make functioning hemoglobin |
| leukemia | cancer of white blood cell forming portion of red bone marrow, large number of abnormal WBCs in circulation |
| leukocytosis | condition of having too many WBCs |
| leukopenia | condition of having too few WBCs |
| thrombocytosis | condition of having too many platelets |
| blood culture and sensitivity (C&S) | incubation of blood to identify bacteria/determine best antibiotic to use against them |
| complete blood count (CBC) | tests including RBC/WBC count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cell differential, platelet count |
| erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) | determines rate at which RBCs settle in a test tube |
| hematocrit (HCT, Hct, crit) | measures volume of RBCs |
| metabolic panel | group of 8-14 blood tests to get info on bodies chemical balance, metabolism, kidney/liver health |
| prothrombin time (pro-time, PT) | measure how long it takes for blood to coagulate/form clot |
| red blood cell count (RBC) | measures number of red blood cells |
| red blood cell morphology | examines RBCs for abnormalities in shape |
| white blood cell count (WBC) | measure number of white blood cells |
| white blood cell differential (diff) | determines number of each variety of white blood cell |
| bone marrow aspiration | sample bone marrow removed by aspiration examined for diseases |
| autologous transfusion | collection/storage of patients own blood prior to actual need |
| bone marrow transplant (BMT) | patient recieves red bone marrow from donor after patients own bone marrow has been destroyed |
| homologous transfusion | replacement of blood with blood from another person |
| plasmapheresis | removal of white blood, then seperation of plasma from formed elements, formed elements returned to patient with donor plasma |
| whole blood | transfusion that is mixture of both plasma+formed elements |
| anticoagulant | prevents blood clot formation, warfarin, coumadin |
| fibrinolytic | dissolves existing clots, activase, tissue plasminogen, activator |
| hematinic | increases RBCs or hemoglobin, procrit, aranesp |
| BMT | bone marrow transplant |
| CBC | complete blood count |
| CMP | comprehensive metabolic panel |
| ESR, sed rate | erythrocyte sedimentation rate |
| PT, pro-time | prothrombin time |
| RBC | red blood cell |
| WBC | white blood cell |
| what is a network of vessels that picks up excess tissue fluid and absorbs fats | the lymphatic system |
| what fights disease and infection | the immune system |
| organs of the lymphatic system | lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, the spleen, thymus gland, and tonsils |
| inguin/o | groin region |
| lymphaden/o | lymph node |
| lymphangia/o | lymph vessel |
| splen//o | spleen |
| thym/o | thymus |
| tonsil/o | tonsils |
| edema | swelling |
| globulin | protein |
| phage | to eat |
| toxic | pertaining to poison |
| the lymphatic system serves what three diverse purposes | collects/purifies excess tissue fluid called lymph, assists with fat absorption, works with immune system to form bodies defense against pathogens |
| lymphatic vessels form what throughout the body | a network of ducts |
| what are ducts | one way pipes that conduct lymph towards the thoracic cavity, low pressure system that uses valves to prevent backflow |
| lymphatic vessels begin as very small lymph capillaries in | tissues, then merge into larger lymph vessels, then drain into two large lymph ducts (right and thoracic duct) |
| vessels drain into one of two large lympatic ducts: | right lymph duct and thoracic duct |
| lymph nodes are | small organs made of lymphatic tissue |
| what do lymph nodes house | lymphocytes and antibodies that remove pathogens and cell derbis from lymph. also destroy cells from cancerous tumors |
| lymph nodes are concentrated in | several body regions |
| axillary | armpits, drain arms/shoulders |
| cervical | neck, drain head/neck |
| inguinal | groin area, drain legs/lower pelvis |
| mediastinal | chest, drain chest cavity |
| what are the tonsils | a collection of lymphatic tissue on each side of the throat |
| what are the three sets of tonsils | palatine tonsils, pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids), and lingual tonsils |
| tonsils act as what | filters to protect the body from pathogens |
| are tonsils essential organs | no |
| where is the spleen located | the left upper quadrant |
| what does the spleen consist of | lymphatic tissue that is highly infiltrated with blood vessels, they spread out into slow moving blood sinuses lined with macrophages |
| what does the spleen do | destroys old red blood cells, recycles iron, and stores blood |
| is the spleen an essential organ | no |
| where is the thymus gland located | the upper portion of the mediastinum |
| what is essential to immune development | the thymus gland |
| what secretes thymosin, which changes lymphocytes to T lymphoctyes | the thymus gland |
| the thymus is active through what | adolescence, when it begins to shrink in size |
| what is immunity | the bodys ability to defend itself against pathogens |
| what are the two forms of immunity | natural immunity and acquired immunity |
| natural immunity | its non-specific and doesn't require prior pathogen exposure |
| acquired immunity | the bodys response to a specific pathogen and may be passive or active |
| passive aquired immunity | results when a person receives protective substances produced by another human or animal |
| active aquired immunity | develops following direct exposure to a pathogen, pathogen stimulates immune response and then body recognizes pathogen quickly |
| immunizations or vaccinations create what | active acquired immunity |
| what to vaccinations contain | weakened/modified pathogens |
| pathogens are recognized as foreign because of what | their unfamiliar protiens which are called antigens, they stimulate immune response |
| the immune response involves two distinct/different processes | humoral or antibody mediated immunity and cellular or cell mediated immunity |
| humoral immunity is | production of B lymphocytes or B cells which response to antigens by producing antibodies. antibodies combine with the antigen to form antigen antibody complex which then targets the pathogens from phagocytosis. prevent pathogen from damaging healthy cell |
| cellular immunity is | production of T cells and natural killed (NK) cells. they are cytotoxic defense cells and they physically attack/destroy pathogenic cells |
| what are nosocomial infections | infections acquired in the hospital and take several forms |
| cross infection | a pathogen is acquired from another person |
| reinfection | a person becomes infected again with same pathogen |
| self inoculation | a pathogen spreads from one body site to another |
| adenoid/o | adenoids |
| axill/o | axilla, underarm |
| immune/o | protection |
| lymph/o | lymph |
| lymphangia/o | lymph vessel |
| myel/o | bone marrow |
| nas/o | nose |
| nucle/o | nucleus |
| path/o | disease |
| splen/o | spleen |
| thym/o | thymus gland |
| tonsill/o | tonsils |
| atic | pertaining to |
| ectomy | surgical removal |
| edema | swelling |
| iasis | abnormal condition |
| ic | pertaining to |
| megaly | enlarged |
| pathy | disease |
| therapy | treatment |
| anti | against |
| auto | self |
| mono | one |
| splenic | pertaining to spleen |
| tonsillar | pertaining to the tonsils |
| immunology | diagnosis/treatment of infectious diseases/disorders of immune system |
| hives | appearance of wheals as part of allergic reaction |
| inflammation | tissues response to injury, redness, pain, swelling, hot to touch |
| lymphedema | edema in extremities because obstruction of lymph flow through lymphatic vessels |
| splenomegaly | enlarged spleen |
| urticaria | severe itching with hives, linked to food allergies, stress, drug reactions |
| allergic rhinitis | allergic reaction caused by inhaling allergen |
| allergy | hypersensitivity to common substance |
| anaphylactic shock | life threatening severe allergic reaction, circulatory/respiratory problems, also called anaphylaxis |
| autoimmune disease | immune system attacking own body |
| hodgkins disease (HD) | cancer of lymphatic cells found in concentration in lymph nodes |
| lymphadenitis | inflammation of lymph nodes, swollen glands |
| lymphadenopathy | general term for lymph node disease |
| mononucleosis (mono) | viral infection with large number of atypical lymphocytes |
| tonsillitis | inflammation of tonsils |
| acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) | defect in cell mediated immunity, result of final stages of HIV infection |
| human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) | virus that causes AIDS, known as retrovirus |
| immunocompromised | immune system doesn't function properly, also called immunodeficiency disorder |
| multiple myeloma | cancer originating in plasma cells, over time malignant cells collect in bone marrow |
| opportunistic infection | infection appearing in an immunocompromised person |
| sarcoidosis | autoimmune disease forms fibrous lesions in multiple organs of body |
| clostridium difficile (c. diff) infection | infection causes inflammation of colon, diarrhea, nausea, fever, abdominal pain |
| methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection | infection with bacteria resistant to many common antibodies, spread through contact with contaminated surface |
| antinuclear antibody test (ANA) | blood test to diagnose autoimmune disease, presence of antibodies indicate that immune system is attacking body |
| lymphangiography | x-ray of lymphatic vessels after injection of dye |
| monospot | blood test for infectious mononucleosis |
| allergy shots | immunotherapy, regular injection of tiny amount of allergen is administered and over time sensitivity to allergen is reduced |
| immunotherapy | injection of immunoglobin or antibodies to treat disease |
| vaccination | exposure to weakened pathogen to stimulate immune response, person than able to fight off pathogen, also called immunization |
| adenoidectomy | surgical removal of the adenoids |
| splenectomy | surgical removal of spleen |
| tonsillectomy | surgical removal of tonsils |
| antihistamine | blocks effects of histamine released during allergic reaction, zyrtec, benadryl |
| cortiocsteroids | anti inflammatory hormones, used to treat autoimmune diseases, prednisone, solu-medrol |
| immune suppressants | block immune system, prevent rejection of transplanted organs, cellcept, neoral |
| protease inhibitor drugs | inhibit protease, an enzyme needed for viruses to reproduce, crixican, fortovase |
| AIDS | acquired immunodeficiency syndrome |
| ANA | antinuclear antibody |
| HD | hodgkins disease |
| HIV | homan immunodeficiency virus |
| Lg | immunoglobulin |
| KS | kaposi's sacroma |
| mono | mononucleosis |
| MRSA | methicillin-resistant staphylococcus |
| NHL | non-hodgkins lymphoma |
Created by:
Kimberly0203