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Dairy goats
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| When did the dairy goat market in the US begin? | mid 1800s |
| How did the dairy goat market in the US begin? | Toppenburg goats were shipped into NY from Switzerland |
| When was the American Dairy Goat Association (ADGA) begun? | 1904 |
| How did the dairy goat industry begin? | On small to medium family farms where milk was used for personal consumption and cheese/soap making |
| When did dairy goat farms become popular? | 1980s-90s |
| Why was there such a large boom in dairy goats in the 90s? | Goat cheese became popular |
| How much of goat milk becomes an artisan product? | 75% |
| What other products can be came from goat milk? | Cheese, soap, yogurt, lotion and other skincare, baby formula, ice cream |
| Top dairy producing states | Wisconsin, California, Iowa, Texas, New England states |
| Why might hobby farmers pick dairy goats? | Lower start-up costs, require less land and facilities, good for small farms, produce high-value products, efficient milk producers for size, growing consumer demand |
| Main dairy goat breeds | Nubian, LaMacha, Nigerian Dwarf |
| Nubian goats | From England, produce 1-1.5 gallons a day, butterfat content of 4.5-5.5% |
| Characteristics of Nubian goats | Long, pendulous ears, Roman (concave) nose, variety of coat colors, unique vocalization |
| Butterfat content | How well milk can become cheese. Higher content becomes better cheese |
| LaMacha goats | From the US, produce 1-2 gallons of milk per day, 3-4% butterfat content |
| Characteristics of LaMacha goats | Gopher of elf ears, variety of coat colors, calm, friendly disposition. |
| Nigerian Dwarf goats | Come from West Africa, 0.5-1 gallon of milk per day, 6-10% butterfat content, really good for cheese |
| Characteristics of Nigerian Dwarf goats | Smallest dairy breed, many coat colors and patterns, friendly, docile temperment |
| Medial suspensory ligament | Holds the udders up |
| Rule of thirds | From the side view, a third of the udder should be visible in front of the back leg and third should be visible behind the back leg |
| How many teats do goats have? | 2 |
| Mammary gland | Udder, stores goat milk |
| How does lactation work in goats? | Only happens during kidding and occurs twice a day |
| When should goats be milked? | Twice a day at the same time each day |
| What are the milking systems? | Hand and machine milking |
| Hand milking | Used in smaller operations, goat is put on a milking stand and fed while milked, more labor intensive |
| Machine milking | Used in commercial dairy operations, use parlors and milking machines, higher equipment cost but more efficient |
| What nutrition requirements are there for lactating goats? | High quality forage in pastures plus supplemental concentrates, lots of water |
| Mastitis | An inflammation of the mammary gland caused by a bacterial infection |
| Clinical signs of mastitis | Inflamed, swollen udder, warm/hot to the touch, painful, abnormal milk, drop in milk production |
| Prevention of mastitis | Good milking hygiene, clean equipment, consistent milking routine |
| Is goat milk lactose free? | No |
| Homogenization | Fat globule mixing in with the liquid |
| Differences between goat's and cow's milk | Goat milk has smaller fat globules, higher calcium and potassium, and lower vitamin B12 and folate |
| Angora goats | A fiber goat breed from Turkey, produce mohair, most common in Southwest |
| Mohair | A fiber produced by goats, strong, durable, and naturally shiny |
| What is mohair used for? | Upholstery and textiles |
| Cashmere goats | No a specific breed, hail from central Asia, most common in colder weather, produce cashmere |
| Cashmere | Grows in a soft, fine undercoat, is very soft and fine, lower production volume but high quality |
| How is cashmere harvested? | Brushing out the fine hairs under the overcoat |
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