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9 - World History
Industrial Revolution
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Industrial Revolution | A time period in which major technological advances were made; 1750-1900; Machines replaced human labor; New energy sources were developed |
| Why did the Industrial Revolution start in Great Britain? | the nation combined abundant natural resources, high wages that encouraged mechanization, a strong global trading empire, and a stable political and legal system |
| 2nd Agricultural Revolution | enclosure movement, new farming practices, mechanization |
| Enclosure Movement | Wealthy landowners bought smaller farms; Combined into large fenced off farms; Could produce more crops |
| Effects of Mechanization on Farming | dramatically increasing productivity, reducing physical labor, and shifting rural labor markets into commercialized, large-scale operations |
| Capital | large amounts of money, used to buy machines, buy factories, pay workers, buy raw materials |
| Entrepreneurs | Person who organizes, manages, and takes on the risk of starting a business |
| Examples of natural resources | coal, iron, water |
| How did population growth contribute to the Industrial Revolution? | created a labor supply: more people means more workers |
| Atlantic Slave Trade and Middle Passage | Time period when slaves were transported from Africa to the Americas; 1525-1866; Est. 12.5 Million Slaves; Majority were brought to the Caribbean and South America; Only about 3.5% to North America |
| William Wilberforce | English politician; Pushed to end the Slave Trade in the British Empire ; Very religious |
| Slave Trade Act (1807) | Prohibited the sale of slaves in English Colonies; Eventually ended the Atlantic Slave Trade |
| Social Benefits of the Industrial Revolution | Increased Productivity; Goods were able to be produced faster and cheaper; Decreased the price; Increased Life Expectancy; Agricultural Revolution (more food available); Medical Technology; Better Sanitation (less disease) |
| Social Costs of the Industrial Revolution | Pollution; Factories produced waste; Water & Air Pollution; No regulations; Income Inequality; Workers were not paid fairly; Robber barons |
| Child Labor | Most began working at age 5; Expected to work to contribute income; Access hard to reach areas; Harsh/Unsafe Working Conditions; 12-16 hour shifts (7 days a week); Poor ventilation; Accidents were common |
| Labor Unions | Groups of workers that formed to improve working conditions; Safer working conditions; Better wages |
| Collective Bargaining | Workers negotiating as a group; Use of strikes |
| Reform Acts | Series of laws that reformed political structure in Britain; 1800-1850; Gave the middle class the right to vote; Representation in Parliament |
| Factory Acts | Set of laws that set limits on Child Labor; Age limits; Pay requirements; Hourly limits; Required children to attend school; Forced factories to hire more adult workers; Factory inspectors enforced new rules |
| Components of an Economic System | System of production (to make), distribution (to pass out), and consumption (to receive) |
| Capitalism | An economic system in which the means of production are owned by private citizens and companies. |
| Adam Smith’s “Wealth of Nations” | Competition must exist; Businesses owned by individuals; Laissez Faire |
| Laissez Faire | limited government interference |
| Communism | A society without social classes where private property does not exist (the workers own the means of production) |
| Socialism | Society where the means of production should be owned and controlled by the government |
| Karl Marx’s “Communist Manifesto” | Government Role: First step was Socialism, Then the people would share everything |
| James Hargreaves | invented the spinning jenny in 1764, a breakthrough multi-spindle spinning frame that revolutionized the textile industry |
| Edmund Cartwright | is best known for inventing the power loom, a mechanized device that automated the weaving of cloth during the Industrial Revolution |
| Eli Whitney | most famous for inventing the cotton gin in 1793 |
| James Watt | did not invent the steam engine, but he dramatically improved its efficiency by inventing the separate condenser in 1765 |
| Henry Bessemer | the first inexpensive industrial method for the mass production of steel |
Created by:
SummitHS