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IBUSH test 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Wars between Britain & France that also spread to their colonies in N America. The British & French colonists fought each other for control of land in North America, often with Native American allies on both sides (gave colonies experience in fighting) | King William’s War (1689–1697) & Queen Anne’s War (1702–1713) |
| A European war over who would inherit the Austrian throne after Emperor Charles VI died. Britain and France fought on opposite sides, and the conflict spread to North America, where it was called King George’s War. | War of Austrian Succession (1740–1748) |
| A war between Britain and France for control of North America (part of the larger Seven Years’ War). Britain won but gained huge debt, leading to new taxes on the colonies. | French and Indian War / Seven Years’ War (1754–1763) |
| What were some of the results from the seven year war? | British weakened and in debt Americans wanted to raise money their own way, but Britain declined, imposing their own taxes Colonists lost faith in the British government British restricted colonists from settling out west |
| Native Americans fought Britain over British control and settlement of their lands after the French and Indian War. It helped lead to the Proclamation of 1763, which limited colonial settlement west of the Appalachians. | Pontiac’s War (1763) |
| The first battles of the American Revolution, where British troops clashed with colonial militia in Massachusetts. The fighting marked the beginning of open war between Britain and the colonies. | Lexington and Concord (1775) |
| British soldiers fired into a crowd of colonists, killing 5 colonists. Patriots used the event as propaganda to increase anger toward Britain. | Boston Massacre (1770) |
| Britain prohibited colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains to reduce conflict with Native Americans. This angered colonists who wanted western land and became an early source of tension with Britain. | Proclamation of 1763 |
| British laws that required colonial trade to follow British rules and use British ships, limiting who the colonies could trade with. They increased British control over the colonies and contributed to colonial resentment. | Navigation Acts (1764) |
| Taxed goods like sugar and molasses imported into the colonies to raise money for Britain. It increased colonial anger over taxation without representation. | Sugar Act (1764) |
| Required colonists to pay a tax on printed materials like newspapers, legal documents, and playing cards (caused major protests) | Stamp Act (1765) |
| Required colonists to provide housing and supplies for British soldiers stationed in the colonies. Colonists resented being forced to support British troops. | Quartering Act (1765) |
| Britain declared that it had the right to make laws and tax the colonies “in all cases whatsoever.” This increased colonial fears about British control and helped fuel resistance and the push for independence. | Declaratory Act (1766) |
| Placed taxes on imported goods like glass, paper, paint, and tea. Colonists protested and boycotted British goods. | Townshend Acts (1767) |
| Let the British East India Company sell tea directly to the colonies while keeping the tea tax. Colonists protested (#1 most regularly bought and drank), leading to the Boston Tea Party. | Tea Act (1773) |
| A series of harsh laws Britain passed to punish Massachusetts for the Boston Tea Party, including closing Boston Harbor and limiting self-government. They united the colonies which led to first Continental Congress in 1774 | Intolerable Acts (1774) |
| Delegates from 12 of the 13 colonies met to respond to the Intolerable Acts and British control. They agreed to boycott British goods and work together to defend colonial rights. | First Continental Congress (1774) |
| Britain loosely enforced colonial laws, allowing colonies to largely govern themselves. After the French and Indian War, Britain tightened control, making colonists feel they were losing their freedom. | Salutary Neglect |
| Colonists protested and rebelled the Tea Act by dumping British tea into Boston Harbor. It led Britain to pass the Intolerable Acts. | Boston Tea Party (1773) |
| The belief that people should choose their leaders instead of being ruled by a king. It became an important idea behind the American Revolution. | Republicanism |
| An agreement made by the First Continental Congress to boycott British goods until Britain repealed the Intolerable Acts. It united the colonies in resisting British control. | The Association (1774) |
| British political writers believed that the king and his ministers had too much power | Radical Whigs |
| Representatives from 9 colonies met in New York to work together and protest the Stamp act tax, arguing that they should not be taxed without representation. | Stamp Act Congress (1765) |
| Samuel Adams helped organize committees to share news and coordinate resistance to Britain. In 1773, Virginia helped create intercolonial committees (VA House of Burgesses) | Committees of Correspondence (1772–1773) |
| The belief that the British government should not tax colonists because they had no elected representatives in Parliament. | Taxation without Representation |
| The document that declared the colonies were independent from Britain. It explained that people have natural rights and that governments should protect those rights. | Declaration of Independence (1776) |
| The first national gove of the US, which gave most power to the states and a weak central gov. Couldn't tax, regulate trade, or enforce laws efficiently. Also no executive branch or national court system, making it difficult to solve national problems. | Articles of Confederation (1781): |
| Delegates met in Philadelphia to fix the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. Instead, they created an entirely new Constitution with a stronger national government. | Constitutional Convention (1787) |
| Created a two-house Congress: the House of Representatives based on population and the Senate with equal representation for each state. It solved the disagreement between large and small states over representation. | the great compromise (1787) |
| Counted enslaved people as three-fifths of a person for representation and taxation. Southern states wanted enslaved people counted to increase their political power, while Northern states opposed. | Three-Fifths Compromise (1787): |
| The first 10 amendments to the Constitution, added to protect individual freedoms and limit the power of the federal government. | Bill of Rights (1791) |
| Laws passed by the Federalists that restricted immigrants and limited criticism of the government. They were controversial because they were seen as violating First Amendment freedoms. | Alien and Sedition Acts (1798) |
| Used the old Northwest to pay off national debt and divide land into townships | Land Ordinance of 1785 |
| Created a system for governing the Northwest Territory and explained how new territories could become states. It also banned slavery in the territory and encouraged public education. | Northwest Ordinance (1787) |
| The idea that a state could reject a federal law it believed was unconstitutional. It was based on the belief that states had the right to limit the federal government’s power. | Nullification |
| Madison proposed giving the national government the power to veto state laws that it believed were unconstitutional. He wanted this to prevent states from making laws that could harm the country as a whole. | Federal Negative (James Madison, 1787) |
| France allied with the Americans during the Revolution, providing money, troops, weapons, and naval support against Britain. | Franco-American Alliance (1778) |
| Farmers protested a federal tax on whiskey, but Washington sent troops to stop the rebellion. It showed that the new federal government had the power to enforce its laws. | Whiskey Rebellion (1794) |
| Massachusetts farmers protested high taxes and debt under the Articles of Confederation. The weak national government struggled to stop the rebellion, showing the need for a stronger federal government. | Shay's Rebellion |
| Washington declared that the U.S. would stay neutral in the war between Britain and France. It established a policy of avoiding involvement in European conflicts. | Neutrality Proclamation (1793) |
| government exists to protect people’s rights and gets its power from the people. | social contract |
| people should have a say in their government | Popular sovereignty |
| colonists believed government should be based on elected representatives rather than monarchy. | republicism |
| enslaved people counted as 3/5 for representation and taxation. | 3/5ths compromise |
| Congress could not ban the international slave trade until 1808. | Slave Trade Compromise |
| balanced the interests of large and small states through two houses of Congress. | Great Compromise |
| Congress could regulate interstate and foreign trade but could not tax exports. | Commerce Compromise |
| colonies provided raw materials and served as markets for British goods. | mercantilism |
| An agreement between the U.S. and Britain that solved some problems left over from the Revolutionary War. It divided Americans because Federalists supported it while Jeffersonians opposed it. | Jay’s Treaty (1794) |
| James Madison’s proposal to let the national government veto state laws it thought were unconstitutional. It was rejected at the Constitutional Convention. | Federal Negative (1787) |
| The idea that a state could reject a federal law if it believed the law was unconstitutional. | nullification |
| Dividing government power among different branches so one branch does not have too much power. | seperation of powers |
| U.S. gained western land to the Mississippi River. | Treaty of Paris (1783) |
| A law that closed Boston Harbor until the colonists paid for the tea destroyed during the Boston Tea Party. It was part of the Intolerable Acts and increased colonial anger toward Britain. | boston port act |
Created by:
savannah hindman