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Unit 2 A&P
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Free or apical structure | The top surface of an epithelial tissue |
| Basal surface | The bottom surface in epithelium |
| basement membrane | the membrane underneath the basal surface which is made up of the Basal Lamina and Reticular Lamina. |
| 1 | how many layers does simple tissue have |
| Squamous | single, flat layer of cells that is thin and permeable. Function: rapid diffusion of materials Found in blood vessels & lung tissues, body cavities linings, heart lining Oval shaped nuclei |
| Cuboidal | single layer of cube shaped cells. Function: Secretion & absorption of substances. Found in the tissues of the kidney, thyroid gland, glands, ducts, ovaries, testes, bronchioles. Round or circle shaped nuclei |
| Columnar | a single layer of tall, closely packed cells, May have cilia and goblet cells, which secrete mucus. Function: Secrets mucus for protection & absorption of substances. Found in the lining of the digestive tract, uterus, fallopian tubes. Oval shaped nuclei |
| Simple columnar epithelium, secrets mucus | |
| More than 1 | how many layers do stratified tissues have |
| Pseudostatified epithelial | cell nuclei are found at different levels, so it appears stratified, though it is not. |
| Transitional epithelium | The free surface cells of this epithelium vary in appearance based on the stretching of the tissue and change shape with elasticity |
| where is transitional epithelium found | this epithelium is Found in the lining of the urinary bladder, ureters, renal pelvis (kidney), urethra, prostate duct (male reproductive duct) |
| Exocrine | Secrete substances outward through a duct |
| Merocrine (Mero= “part”) | Cells excrete the products (substances) via exocytosis. Ex. sweat glands |
| Apocrine (Apo = “tip”) | A portion of the cell pinches off with the secreted products. Ex. mammary glands |
| Holocrine (“Hol” = whole) | Cells rupture and spill products into the duct. Ex. Sebaceous (oil) glands in skin |
| Endocrine | Ductless glands that secrete hormones through the bloodstream |
| Connective tissues | what is the most abundant and diverse body tissue |
| All connective tissues are formed from one type of stem cell (mesenchyme). Connective tissues vary in their degree of vascularity (presence of blood vessels). All connective tissues are mostly composed of extracellular matrices. | characteristics of all connective tissues |
| Collagen and elastic fibers | what 2 types of fibers are in connective tissues |
| Ground substance | Watery or gel like substance secreted by cells in connective tissues |
| Areolar | loose, Mostly open space. Holds water and salts for surrounding tissues. Found under epithelium and around organs |
| Adipose | loose, Comprised of fat cells, Have large vacuoles that contain fat/oil, Insulates and warms the body, Provides nutrients to other cells |
| Reticular | |
| Regular | dense, Collagen fibers are arranged in one direction Provides “tensile strength” like a rope, Found in tendons & ligaments |
| Irregular | dense, Collagen fibers are arranged in many directions Provides strength in multiple directions Found in capsules around organs |
| Elastic | dense, Provides flexible cushioning, Found between vertebrae and in arteries |
| Hyaline, fibrocartilage, and elastic | 3 types of cartilage |
| Hyaline | cartilage that is Glassy looking, Firm ground substance with lacuna (spaces for cells), Abundant collagen fibers, Found in larynx, bridge of nose, and ribs |
| Fibrocartilage | cartilage that contains a lot of collagen, mostly running parallel. Found in intervertebral spaces to reduce friction |
| Elastic | cartilage that is Highly flexible, More elastic fibers, Found in outer ear and tip of nose |
| Osteocytes | what cell makes bone tissue |
| Muscle tissue | used for movement, but can be voluntarily or involuntarily controlled |
| Nervous tissue | mostly comprised of neuroglia which support neurons |
| Smooth | muscle tissue that Contracts involuntarily, is Nonstriated, andFound in walls of stomach, uterus, intestines, bladder, arteries, veins & eyes |
| cardiac | muscle tissue that Contracts involuntarily, is Striated (has specialized junctions that connect to other cardiac tissue), Found in the heart muscle, Activated by brain or hormones |
| Skeletal | muscle tissue that Contracts voluntarily, is Striated, Connected to bones of the skeleton, and is Controlled by somatic nervous system |
| Cutaneous | body membrane that isPart of the epithelial membrane, Found in the skin, Composed 2 layer (epidermis and dermis), helps cover the body (skin) |
| Mucous | body membrane that isPart of the epithelial membrane (coverings or linings), Found in lining all body cavities that open to the exterior, such as, esophagus, lungs, stomach |
| body membrane that is Part of the epithelial membrane (coverings or linings). Found in ling all body cavities that are closed to the exterior, such as, the heart, exterior lungs, Composed of the parietal layer, serous fluid and visceral layer, | |
| Synovial | body membrane that isPart of connective tissue, Found in the joints of the skeleton, They provide a smooth surface, cushion and secrete a lubricating fluid |
| Hemostasis and Inflammation | step 1 of tissue repair |
| Granulation tissue forms (Proliferation) | Step 2 of tissue repair |
| Regeneration (remodeling) and fibrosis effect permanent repair | Step 3 of tissue repair |
| tissue | hist- |
| bone | osteo- |
| serous or serosa | Helps reduce friction when organ move, Like when when heart contracts and relaxes |
Created by:
katiekat1334