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Cell Processes
Diffusion, Osmosis, Active Transport, Photosynthesis & Respiration
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Passive Transport | Movement across a membrane that does not require energy; the movement is from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. |
| Active Transport | Movement into or out of a cell that requires energy in the form of ATP. |
| Concentration Gradient | A difference in the amount of a solid, liquid, or gas between two different places, like inside a cell and outside a cell. |
| ATP | An energy molecule that is released during cellular respiration and provides energy for cellular functions. |
| Diffusion | The movement of molecules from a high concentration (a lot of molecules) to a lower concentration (less molecules). This is called moving down the concentration gradient. |
| Osmosis | Movement of water across a membrane from an area where there's more water(higher concentration)to where there is less water(lower concentration). |
| Equilibrium | State of “balanced levels” often referred to as homeostasis |
| Tonicity | The ability of a solution to make water move into or out of a cell, changing its size. |
| Hypertonic | Higher water concentration inside the cell than outside the cell. Causes water to leave the cell and the cell will shrink. (There is more solute outside the cell.) |
| Hypotonic | Higher water concentration outside the cell than inside the cell. Causes water to enter the cell and the cell will swell. (There is less solute outside the cell). |
| Isotonic | No difference in concentration of water between cell & environment. Water moves in and out of the cell and the size of the cell does not change. |
| Cell membrane | Cell structure that separates the inside of the cell and the outside of the cell. Also called a plasma membrane. |
| Semipermeable | A membrane that lets some things through but blocks others. |
| Reactant | Starting material/ingredients for a chemical reaction |
| Product | FInal product/result of a chemical reaction |
| Endocytosis | Process through which a cell takes in large molecules by surrounding the molecule with its cell membrane. |
| Exocytosis | When a cell gets rid of large molecules by packaging them in a bubble and pushing them out through the membrane. |
| Photosynthesis | Process through which plants get food(glucose) through the reaction of water and carbon dioxide in the presence of sunlight. |
| Chloroplast | An organelle in plant cells that contains chlorophyll and is responsible for photosynthesis, which is how plants obtain food. |
| Chlorophyll | Pigment in the chloroplasts of plant cells that absorb sunlight to help the chloroplasts undergo photosynthesis. |
| Autotroph | Organism that makes their own energy and food (aka producer) |
| Heterotroph | Organism that must eat others to obtain energy (aka consumer) |
| Cellular Respiration | Process by which cells release energy, in the form of ATP, from glucose and oxygen. |
| Glucose | Sugar (C6H12O6) produced during the photosynthesis reaction, created in a plant cell |
| Mitochondria | Organelle that produces energy in the form of ATP, through the process of cellular respiration. |
| H2O | Water. Reactant for photosynthesis; product of cellular respiration |
| O2 | Oxygen gas. Reactant for cellular respiration; product of photosynthesis |
| CO2 | Carbon Dioxide. Reactant for photosynthesis; product of cellular respiration |
| Mitosis | Process of cell division where one single cell splits to create two identical new cells |
Created by:
user-1874462