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Micro Chapt. 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| catabolic | break down energy releasing |
| anabolic | build up energy capturing |
| catabolism recations are _______ | oxidative |
| lose electrons | oxidative |
| ______ is required for anabolsim | energy |
| gain of electrons | reduction |
| glucose oxidized to its simplest form .... | CO2 |
| Oxygen is reduced to ... | H2O |
| glycolysis | splits glucose molecules and energy becomes atp |
| glycolysis reaction before --> after | 6-carbon --> 2 * 3-Carbon pyruvates |
| where does glycolysis occur | occurs in cytoplasm and does not require oxygen |
| breaking down glucose without oxygen present | fermentation |
| fermentation is an ________ reaction | anaerobic |
| ethanol fermentation | yeast --> beer |
| lactic acid fermentation | sign body. is low in oxygen |
| krebs cycle | pyruvates converted to two-carbon Acetyle CoA prior to the TCA cyscle --> products |
| Krebs cycle producs | CO2 ATP NADH/FADH2 |
| NADH/FADH job | electron carriers to be used in electron transport |
| Electron transport chain | ekectrons from other cycles are carried by NADH --> redox enxymes |
| flow of electrons through chain powers proton pumps generating _________ | proton concentration gradient |
| oxygen acts as the _____________ in electron transport chain | final electron acceptor |
| most ATP is made in | electron transport chain |
| plasmid | contain additional bit of DNA that conveys antibiotic resistance and virulence factors |
| genome | all genetic info |
| gene | specific segment of DNA that encodes for one or more protein |
| operon | segment of DNA that contains multiple genes |
| where does transcription occur in bacteria | cytoplasm |
| where does transcription occur in humans | nucleus |
| set of genes that allow e. coli to survive in the presence of lactose | lac operon |
| when lactose levels are high, it binds to __________ allowing lactoce metabolism to start | repressor |
| 2 ways for mutations | base sequence change fail to repair the change before replication |
| missense mutation | change amino acid rlly bad |
| nonsense mutation | tells codon to stop making protein |
| silent mutation | codon changes but there is no production change |
| proofreading system in mutation repair | base excision repair |
| DNA contains sequences from one organism into another | recombinant DNA |
| horizontal gene transfer | one bacteria to another contains antibiotic resistance and virulence |
| importing free DNA into bacterial cells, join our DNA | horizontal gene transfer transformation |
| cell to cell contact where donor sends DNA through tube. Donor --> recipient | horizontal gene transfer conjugation |
| bacteriophage is an example of | horizontal gene transfer transduction |
Created by:
jojojackson