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bio exam 2 pt 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is the largest organ in the body | skin |
| what are the two layers of skin | epidermis dermis |
| what is the layer beneath the dermis layer | hypodermis or subcutaneous layer (subQ) |
| what are the cells that make up the epidermis | 90% - keratinocytes 8%- melanocytes 2%- Langerhans cells and merkel cells |
| what is keratin | a protein, that gives off strength ex. hair, nails |
| what is melanin | a black pigment, shows up as brown work so hard when exposed to UV light, they produce melanin to protect us that their own DNA gets damaged which can lead to melanoma |
| what is important about melanin and other people | almost everyone has approximately same number of melanocytes in their skin, its how much melanin they produce that gives them a darker skin tone |
| what are langerhorn cells | immunity |
| what are merkle cells | touch receptor always associated with a disc, which is part of the nervous system |
| what are the epidermis layers? (bottom inner to top outer) | stratum basale stratum spirosum stratum granulosum stratum lucidum stratum corneum |
| talk about stratum basale | one layer, all cells are alive, capable of mitosis |
| talk about stratum spinosum | 8 to 10 layers, most cells are living, has cytoplasmic extensions |
| talk about stratum granulosum | 3-5 layers, upper most layer is dead, protein used to make keratin here |
| talk about stratum lucidum | 4-6 layers, all cells are dead only found in thick skin (palms of hands, soles of feet, fingertips), clear cells |
| talk about stratum corneum | 25-30 layers (more or less depending on the person), toughest layer, protects us, ALL DEAD |
| what on an individuals body is all dead | hair |
| what does the dermis layer contain? | blood vessels, hair follicles, glands, nerve receptors, some muscle |
| what does it not contain | fat, that is in the hypodermis |
| what connective tissue is in the dermis | dense irregular connective tissue |
| what are the two regions in the dermis | papillary region- outermost, uppermost reticular region - innermost |
| talk about papillary region | nipple shaped structure, has bumps that form our finger prints, |
| what are the bumps that form finger prints called | dermal papillae |
| talk about reticular region | has a lot of collagen fibers, gives our skin resiliency, when age it breaks down and causes wrinkles |
| what corpuscle is in the papillary region and what is it for | Meissner corpuscle for touch |
| if a person gets stretch marks or the skin is stretched, what is that skin called, what region are they formed in | striae, reticular region |
| what is one of the glands that is found in the dermis | sebaceous gland (oil) |
| what causes acne | bacteria |
| what causes an increase in oil production and a narrowing of the pore | progesterone, during pregnancy |
| what causes mitosis of collegen | tretnoic acid, "Retin-A |
| what corpuscle is in the hypodermis | Pacinian corpuscle |
| what are the skin glands | sudoriferous gland- "sweat" sebaceous gland- "oil" (or sebum) |
| what are the two types of sudoriferous glands | 1. eccrine (merocrine)- this is how it functions. most common. involved with thermoregulation 2. apocrine (but has merocrine mode of secretion, which causes BO. |
| what are the locations of the apocrine | axilla, groin, aerolae, bearded region of male.. become active at puberty |
| what is puberty | the change from the non reproductive state to the reproductive state |
| talk about sebaceous gland | always associated with hair follicle, |
| what are the functions of the skin | 1. protection 2. water balance 3. temperature regulation 4. sensation 5. blood resevoir (dermis) 6. vitamin D synthesis |
| where does hair grow from | matrix which is the layer capable of mitosis |
Created by:
jericalocke