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Social Studies Ch. 7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What was the first national government of the United States? | The Articles of Confederation |
| Why did Americans create a weak national government? | They feared giving too much power to a central government after experiencing what they saw as the abuses of British rule. They wanted political power to remain close to the people and the states. |
| Under the Articles, where was most political power located? | With the states, rather than the national government |
| What was the main purpose of the Articles of Confederation? | To create a “firm league of friendship” among the states while allowing the states to retain considerable power. |
| What could Congress do under the Articles? | Organize armed forces Borrow money Issue currency conduct foreign affairs |
| What could Congress NOT do under the Articles? | regulate trade force people to join the military impose taxes |
| Was there a president under the Articles? | No |
| Under the Articles, where was most political power located? | With the states, rather than the national government |
| What was the main purpose of the Articles of Confederation? | To create a “firm league of friendship” among the states while allowing the states to retain considerable power. |
| What could Congress do under the Articles? | Organize armed forces Borrow money Issue currency conduct foreign affairs |
| How many states had to approve a law in order for it to be passed? | 9 of the 13 states. |
| What could Congress NOT do under the Articles? | regulate trade force people to join the military impose taxes |
| Was there a president under the Articles? | No |
| Was there a national court system under the Articles? | No national executive or national judicial branch comparable to those established by the Constitution. |
| What rights did the Northwest Ordinance protect? | Freedom of Religion Trial by jury No slaves |
| How many votes did each state have in Congress under the Articles? | One vote per state, regardless of population or size. |
| Why was the Northwest Ordinance important? | It provided an organized method for governing western territories and admitting new states into the Union. |
| Why did the United States have serious financial problems after the Revolution? | The war had created major debts, while the national government lacked the power to directly tax citizens. Paper money also lost value, contributing to inflation. |
| What was the Northwest Ordinance? | Rules for obtaining Land in new territories. |
| What happened to the value of money printed during the Revolution? | It lost value. |
| What population did a territory generally need to reach for statehood under the Northwest Ordinance? | 60,000 free people |
| What foreign problem did Britain create? | Britain continued occupying forts in the western territory despite the end of the Revolutionary War and disputes remained over implementation of the Treaty of Paris. |
| What rights did the Northwest Ordinance protect? | Freedom of Religion Trial by jury No slaves |
| What problem did Spain create? | Spain restricted American access to the Mississippi River, hurting western trade. |
| Why was the Northwest Ordinance important? | It provided an organized method for governing western territories and admitting new states into the Union. |
| Why were these problems especially serious under the Articles? | the national government lacked enough power and resources to effectively address them. |
| Why did the United States have serious financial problems after the Revolution? | The war had created major debts, while the national government lacked the power to directly tax citizens. Paper money also lost value, contributing to inflation. |
| Who was Daniel Shays? | A Massachusetts farmer and former Continental Army soldier associated with a rebellion by farmers facing economic difficulties. |
| What happened to the value of money printed during the Revolution? | It lost value. |
| What foreign problem did Britain create? | Britain continued occupying forts in the western territory despite the end of the Revolutionary War and disputes remained over implementation of the Treaty of Paris. |
| What problem did Spain create? | Spain restricted American access to the Mississippi River, hurting western trade. |
| Why were these problems especially serious under the Articles? | the national government lacked enough power and resources to effectively address them. |
| What was Shays's Rebellion? | An uprising by Massachusetts farmers protesting economic conditions, debt, and government policies. |
| Why was Shays's Rebellion important? | It demonstrated the weaknesses of the government under the Articles and increased concern among some leaders that the national government needed greater power. |
| Why did leaders want to reform the Articles? | The national government was struggling with economic problems, trade disputes, foreign-policy problems, and internal unrest. |
| Which two important leaders helped push for reform? | James Madison and Alexander Hamilton were major supporters of strengthening the national government |
| Where did the Constitutional Convention meet? | Philadelphia. |
| When did the Constitutional Convention begin? | May 1787. |
| How many delegates attended? | 55 delegates attended over the course of the Convention. |
| What was the original purpose of the Constitutional Convention? | To revise the Articles of Confederation. |
| Who presided over the Constitutional Convention? | George Washington. |
| Why were the Convention's meetings kept secret? | The delegates wanted to be able to debate freely without public pressure. The windows were closed and the delegates agreed to secrecy. |
| Who presented the Virginia Plan? | Edmund Randolph presented it; it was largely developed by James Madison. |
| What did the Virginia Plan propose? | A stronger national government with: A two-house legislature Representation based on population A national executive A national judiciary |
| Which states generally supported the Virginia Plan? | Larger states, because population-based representation would give them more representatives. |
| Why did smaller states oppose the Virginia Plan? | They feared that larger states would gain too much power because representation would be based on population. |
| Who proposed the New Jersey Plan? | William Paterson. |
| What did the New Jersey Plan propose? | It would: Keep a one-house legislature Give each state equal representation Give Congress additional powers, including taxation and regulation of trade Have a relatively weak executive Amend the Articles rather than completely replace them |
| Which states generally supported the New Jersey Plan? | Smaller states. |
| Why was the Great Compromise necessary? | The large and small states disagreed over representation, threatening to prevent agreement on the new government. |
| Who is associated with the Great Compromise? | Roger Sherman. |
| What did the Great Compromise create? | A two-house legislature. |
| How is representation determined in the House of Representatives? | By population. |
| How is representation determined in the Senate? | Each state receives two senators, giving states equal representation. |
| What problem did the Three-Fifths Compromise address? | How enslaved people would be counted for purposes of representation and direct taxation. |
| What was the three-fifths ratio? | Three-fifths of the enslaved population was counted for those purposes. |
| When was the Constitution signed? | September 17, 1787. |
| Chain #1 — Why the Articles failed | → Articles give states most power → National government can't tax/regulate commerce effectively → Financial problems → Economic hardship → Shays's Rebellion → Calls for stronger government → Constitutional Convention |
| Chain #2 — Representation | Virginia Plan → population → large states like it New Jersey Plan → equal representation → small states like it ⬇️ Great Compromise ⬇️ House = population Senate = 2 per state |
| Chain #3 — The Constitutional Convention | → delegates meet in Philadelphia → supposed to fix Articles → discover disagreements → Virginia Plan → New Jersey Plan → Great Compromise → Three-Fifths Compromise → Constitution completed → September 17, 1787 → sent to states |
Created by:
Peanutpie!