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Introduction to crim
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Procedural Fairness | Processes by which decisions that feel fair are made is a vitual component of our American justice system |
| Procedural justice | crucial to effective criminal justice practices and helps to ensure the legitimacy of justice organizations and their acceptance by the people they serve |
| Criminal activity | been with us since the dawn of history |
| individual rights | accompanied by a dramatic increase in reported criminal activity |
| social disorganization | increased criminality |
| New York times summarizes the situation | well saying "the internet virtual superways have supplanted brick and mortar streets |
| Individual rights versus public order | draws on historical developments that shaped our legal system and our understanding of crime and justice |
| civil rights | led to recognition of fundamental personal rights that previously been denied illegally to many people on the bias of race,ethnicity,gender sex differences or disabilities |
| Individual rights advocate | those who seek to protect personal freedoms and civil rights within society and especially within the criminal justice process |
| social order | Those who suggest that under certain circumstances involving criminal threats to the public safety the interst of society especially crime control |
| public order advocates | take precedence over individual rights will be called |
| word justice is | powerful |
| however justice is an | elusive term |
| justice might mean | and what form it .might eventually take |
| cultural competence | ability to understand appreciate interact with people from culturals or belief systems |
| Contact hypothesis | idea that controlled contact between of two opposing groups tends to reduce tensions between them |
| criminal justice refers to | aspects of social justice that concerns violations of the criminal law |
| Administration of justice | "truth of action" within the process |
| Criminal justice systems consists 3 core components | 1 police 2 courts 3 corrections |
| Justice system work together by design to | achieve the wider purpose we have been calling justice |
| consensus model | hence the systems perspective on criminal justice generally encompasses a point of view |
| system calls to mind a near | perfect form of social organization |
| conflict model | provides another approach to the study of American criminal justice |
| Criminal justice nonsystem | Agencies often conflict and pressures for success, promotion, pay increases and general accountability fragment the efforts of the system as a whole |
| Justice is the ethical | philosophical idea that people should be treated fairly, properly reasonably by the law agents that carry out the law |
| Public must trust, believe in the | authority of the police |
| 21st century policing report also | states that people are more likely to obey the law when they believe authority of these enforcing the law is legitimate |
| Reimagine policy | suggest that the police should intitate this change process because the enforcement arm of the government they weild the bulk of the power in these interactions |
| We should go one step further by | also reimaging police training |
| system diverse of functions and it | levels are linked closely enough for the term system |
| due process | means procedural fairness |
| bill of rights | due process is supported by the fourth. fith, sixth and fourth amendment and itself supported by the fith |
| what we have been calling rights | are open to interpretation |
| Gideon and Wainwright | supreme court decided at some point in history to recognize them in cases brought before it |
| before gidion | court appointed attorneys for defendants unable to afford their own counsel were practically unknown |
| After the Gideon decision | court appointed counsel became commonplace and measures were instituted in jurisdiction across the nation to select attorneys fairly for idisent defendants |
| state is required to | praise counsel |
| Gideon become in effect | the law of the land |
| crime control model | values the efficient arrest and conviction of criminal offenders |
| Parkers crime control model | first brought to the attention of the academic committee in Stanford university's law professor Herbert Packers cogent analysis of the state of criminal justice in the late 1960s |
| due processes model | intended to ensure that innocent people are not convicted of crimes |
| American system of justice as representatives of crime control through | due process system of social control |
| law enforcement infused with the | recognition of individual rights provides a workable conceptual framework for understanding the American system of criminal justice |
| Public health model | puts people communities first |
| evidence based | movement in criminal justice |
| black lives matter movement | is embraced today by millions of people all colors, ages and genders |
| BLM movement insists that | others not be complict in viewpoints and practices that institutionalize racism racial discrimination |
| Evidence doesn't practice | refers to crime fighting strategies that have been scientifically tested and are based on social science research |
| Multiculturalism | society that is home to a multitude of differnt cultures each with its own set of norms |
| social diversity | waves of immigrants along with the trade of enslaved people in the early mid nineteen century |
| multiculturalism | often word in conjunction with the term social diversity to identify many distinctions of social significance |
| race and ethnicity are only | buzzwords people use when they talk about multiculturalism |
| Multiculturalism term used today is but | one form of diversity |
| laws says it applies to | our daily lives and follow it |
| blacks laws dictions | the word law generally contemplates both statutory and case law |
| once laws have been written down in an | organized fashion they are said to be codified |
| penal code | written organized compiled form of the criminal laws of a jurisdiction |
| common law | law originating from usage and custom rather than from written statues |
| Rule of law | maximum that an orderly society must be governed by established principles know codes that are applied uniformly faires to all of its members |
| criminal law also called | penal law |
| criminal law | body of rules and regulations that define and specify the nature of and punishment for offenses |
| procedural law | part of the law that specifies the method to be used in enforcing substantive law |
| defendant | relief of sought |
| tort | wrongful act damage or injury not involving a bunch of contact |
| state decisis | forms the basis for our modern law of precedent |
| sture desis | legal principle requiring that in subsequent cases on similar issues of the law fact courts be bounded by their own earlier decisions |
| felony | criminal offense punishable by death or by incercation in a person facility for at least one year |
| infraction | Minor violation of state statue or local ordinance punishable by a fine or other penalty |
| Espionage | gathering transmitting or losing of info related to national offence |
| actus reas | criminal act |
| to be something is | not a crime to do something may be |
| Actually reas | violation of law also a guilty act |
| types of men's reas can be | distinguished |
| unprotected sexual interiors with | another person will be exposed to the virus |
| criminal negligence | behavior person fails to receive |
| Strict liability offences also | called absolute liability offenses |
| defense to a criminal charge | evidence arguments offered by a defendant and his,her attorney to show why defendant should not be held liable |
| justification | legal defense which defendants admits to committing |
| procedural defense | defendant was in some significant way discriminated against in the justice process |
| reasonable force | force that is appropriate in a given situation |
| defense of others called | defence of third person |
| Non deadly | force prevent others from underlawfully taking or damaging it |
| duress | any lawful threat or coercion used by a person to introduce in act |
| juvenile offenses | when a person younger the age required for adults prosecution commits a crime |
| m naghth rule | rule for determining insanity which ask whether the defendant knew what he,she was doing |
| Durham rule states that a person is | not criminally responsible for his or her behavior if the person's illegal actions were the result of some mental disease or defect |
| guilty but mentally | finding of guilty that establishes that the defendant although mentally ill was in sufficient possession of higher facilities to be morally blameworthy for his her actions |
| Panetti v quarterman | court decided that criminal defendants sentenced to death may not be executed |
| Ake U Oklahoma | government must ensure access to a competent psychiatrist |
| dismissed capcity | claims of a mental health condition that may be significant |
| Entrapment | illegal inducement to crime by agents of law enforcement |
| duel sovereignty doctrine law established by | US supreme court |
| resident agency | daily work of the FBI is done by approximately 13,500 special agents 20,100 civil employees 56 field offices 400 satellite offices |
| local police | encompasses a wide variety of agencies |
| municipal police department | city, town based law enforcement agency |
| private protective service | independent proprietary commercial organization that provides protection services to employers |
| The new structure of policing | found that polcing is being transformed and restructured in the modern world |
| the world street journal | demand for private construction security services was around 240 billing in 2020 |
| Fusion center | defined as a collaborative effort of two or more agencies that provide resources |
| international criminal police organization | law enforcement support organization that began operations |
| Evidence based policies | application of social science techniques to the study of the police administration |
| Evidence based policing | use of the best available research on the outcomes of police work to implement guidelines |
| unclear just how many | woman actually want to work in polcing |
| advancing diversity | notes that it is critical that our nation's law enforcement agencies broadly reflect the diversity |
| violations of the criminal law under a | legal principle know as the identification doctrine |
| corporate crime | violation of a criminal statue by a corporate entity or by its executive employs or agents |
| white collar crime | financially motivated nonviolent crime |
| organized crime | highly organized disciplined association engage in supplying illegal goods or services |
| transnational organized crime | activity undertaken and supported by organized criminal groups |
| technology crimes | cyber crimes sometimes called computer crime informational |
| cyber crime | crime perpetrated through the use of computer technology |
Created by:
Abigail Biggins