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surg 105 ch7 quiz
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| transfer of microorganisms from one person, object, surface, or location to another | cross contamination |
| makes contaminated items safer to handle and prepares them for further processing | decontamination |
| destroys many pathogenic microorganisms on appropriate inanimate objects and surfaces | disinfection |
| reduces or inhibits microorganisms on living tissue | antisepsis |
| eliminates all forms of microbial life, including bacterial spores | sterilization |
| removes or reduces contaminants so an item is safer to handle: an important step before further processing when required | decontamination |
| used primarily on inanimate objects and environmental surfaces; destroys many or all pathogenic microorganisms depending on the level of disinfection | disinfection |
| uses an antimicrobial agent on living tissue; reduces or inhibits microorganisms on skin or other appropriate tissue | antisepsis |
| a validated process that eliminates all forms of microbial life , including bacterial spores; required for critical items that enter sterile tissue or the vascular system | sterilization |
| what is the biggest question to ask before choosing a disinfectant | where will the item contact the patient |
| removes visible soil, organic material, and many microorganisms from an item or surface | cleaning |
| destroys many or all pathogenic microorganisms on inanimate objects, but does not necessarily destroy bacterial spores | disinfection |
| destroys all forms of microbial life, including bacterial spores | sterilization |
| highest infection risk because the item enters sterile tissue or the vascular system; ex. hemostat | critical |
| contacts mucous membranes or non-intact skin | semi-critical |
| contacts intact skin only ; ex. stethoscope | non-critical |
| enter sterile tissue, a body cavity, or the vascular system ; must be sterile before use ; ex. reusable surgical instruments, certain invasive devices, and implants | critical items |
| what is the processing goal for critical items | thorough cleaning followed by an appropriate sterilization method |
| what does IFU mean | instruction for use |
| contact mucous membranes or non intact skin but do not normally penetrate sterile tissue ; require at least high level disinfection after thorough cleaning; ex. certain endoscopes and reusable respiratory/anesthesia equipment | semi critical items |
| contact intact skin but do not penetrate it; usually requires cleaning followed by low level disinfection; ex. blood pressure cuffs, positioning equipment, equipment surfaces, and other patient-care surfaces | non critical items |
| used primarily for semi critical items | high level disinfection |
| tuberculocidal; used for appropriate noncritical items/ surfaces when indicated | intermediate level disinfection |
| used for many noncritical items and environmental surfaces | low level disinfection |
| used primarily for semi critical patient care items; the item must be thoroughly cleaned before HLD; exact exposure time, concentration, temperature, rinsing, and handling requirements come from the product and device IFU's | high-level disinfectants |
| what are some examples of high level disinfectants | glutaraldehyde based formulations, OPA, hydrogen peroxide formulations, and peracetic-acid based products/systems |
| what breaks down our equipment faster | peracetic acid |
| "TB" level; destroys vegetative bacteria, most fungi and viruses, and mycobacterium tuberculosis; does not reliably destroy bacterial spores | intermediate level disinfection |
| used for many noncritical items and environmental surfaces; destroys most vegetative bacteria and some fungi and viruses; | low level disinfection |
| what are some factors that affect disinfection | Prescence of blood, tissue, mucus, or other organic material correct concentration of the disinfectant required contact or wet time number and resistance of microorganisms |
| why does contact time matter? | a surface must remain wet for the full contact time stated on the disinfectant label so it can get rid of all microorganisms |
| commonly used as components of surface disinfectants and antiseptic products; not used as much | alcohols |
| broad antimicrobial activity when used at the appropriate concentration; may be corrosive or damaging to some materials; a little more effective | chlorine compounds |
| common low level environmental disinfectants; useful for many noncritical surfaces when the product label supports the intended use; most used in turnovers of our rooms | quaternary ammonium compounds |
| what is safety when using disinfectants | wear required ppe based on the products label, SDS, and facility policy, use appropriate ventilation when required, never mix chemicals unless it specifically directs it, prepare or dilute products exactly as directed, label containers approximately, |
| what are some core principles of OR cleaning | follow facility policy; wear appropriate PPE; clean from cleaner areas toward more contaminated areas and avoid spreading contamination |
| what are the three cleaning periods | 1) before the first procedure of the day- initial daily cleaning / damp dusting 2) between procedures- turnover cleaning/ disinfection 3) at the end of the daily schedule- terminal cleaning |
| what is the purpose of before the first procedure | it removes dust and environmental contamination that may have settled overnight, provides a clean environment before sterile supplies and equipment are opened, and reduces any clutter that can interfere with safe workflow |
| sequence before the first procedure | perform hand hygiene, verify the room has been terminally cleaned and is ready for use, remove unnecessary equipment and supplies, damp dust, respect disinfectant contact time, inspect the room |
| uses a clean, low-lint cloth or wipe moistened with an approved disinfectant | damp dusting |
| contaminated items and waste should be managed correctly throughout the procedure and should not be left until the case is over is called what | concurrent cleaning- during procedure |
| between cases- what is the purpose of turnover | removes contamination from the previous procedure before the next patient enters |
| when do you start a turnover | not until the patient is safely out of the room and the team has completed required counts/specimen responsibilities |
| what are some high touch surfaces during turnover | OR table, pads, straps, attachments, and positioning devices; OR light handles; stools, kick buckets, mayo stand, and back table |
| a comprehensive cleaning and disinfection of the OR after the day's scheduled procedures | terminal cleaning |
| what is the difference between turnover and terminal cleaning | turnover- focused on contamination from completed case terminal- more comprehensive cleaning of the entire OR environment at end of schedule or designated period |
| what are some examples of a dirty case | infected wounds, abscesses, gross contamination, perforated bowel with spillage, or procedures involving existing infection |
| why are some cases scheduled first | because they have special environment, equipment, implant, isolation, or workflow needs |
| name some roles of the surgical technologist | maintain surgical conscience; use standard precautions and appropriate PPE; help contain contaminated items during room breakdown; handle instruments at the point of use to prevent drying of blood and debris |
Created by:
calitollifson7