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bio lab midterm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| order of scientific method | observation, form a question, hypothesis, prediction, collect data, analyze, conclusion |
| Triglycerides that are solid at room temperature are often called "fats" and consist of __________ fatty acids, while those that remain liquid at room temperature are called "oils" and consist of __________ fatty acids. | Saturated, Unsaturated |
| Macromolecules are grouped into 4 categories, what are these 4 categories? | Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic Acids |
| What is the difference between an independent variable and a dependent variable? | The independent variable is changed deliberately, and the dependent variable is measured as it responds to change. |
| DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (Ribonucleic acid) are made up of which of the following? | Nucleic Acids |
| What type of fat is usually associated with increasing the amount of "bad" cholesterol in the body? | Trans Fats |
| Carbohydrates are primarily made up of what three components? | Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen |
| What do we call the aspects of our experiment that remain the same, ensuring our results are not biased by anything other than the variable we manipulate? | Controls |
| What is the most abundant type of macromolecule found in animal cells? | Protein |
| Which of the following statements is true about the difference between a hypothesis and a prediction? | A hypothesis is the "probable" answer to a scientific question. A prediction is the expected outcome of the experiment/test. |
| Enzymes ______ the activation energy of a reaction. | Decrease |
| Enzymes will ________ a reaction. | speed up |
| Enzymes will break macromolecules into their simplest form called ________. | Monomeric Units |
| The process in which these macromolecules -- proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids -- are broken down into their simple form is called __________. | Digestion |
| Enzymes belong to which macromolecule? | Proteins |
| You hold your microscope by the: | Arm & Base |
| You start with your microscope on what objective lens? | Scanning |
| What do you place you specimen on to observe it under the microscope? | The stage |
| You look through your microscope using the _______ lens. | Ocular |
| How many set of lenses are on a compound light microscope (the one used in class)? | 2 |
| What is the difference between the course and fine adjustment knobs? | The course adjustment knob moves the stage up and down in large increments while the fine adjustment knob does so in smaller increments. |
| The objective lens always has a fixed power of...... | 10x |
| We will be using a compound light microscope in lab. What does the term "compound" refer to in reference to a microscope? | The specimen image passes through multiple lenses. |
| Sally is focusing an image with a compound light microscope with the objective lens power of 4x. What would her total magnification be? | 40X |
| You never touch the __________ adjustment knob after moving your objective lens past the lowest power. | Coarse |
| know how to label a microscope | know how to label a microscope |
| observation | scientists observe things in the natural world, noting patterns or cause-and-effect, which leads to formulation of scientific questions |
| hypothesis | probable answer to the scientific question they seek to answer |
| prediction | an expected outcome of their experiment or investigation, outcome the expect if the hypothesis were true, prediction more specific than hypothesis |
| conclusion | goal is to draw a correct conclusion, regarding a particular cause and effect relationship |
| variable | anything that can vary and that you can gather information about examples: age, year, height |
| independent variable | one that is likely to influence the other, we change |
| dependent variable | what is being affected in the experiment, the test |
| proteins | most abundant of the macromolecules, found in animal cells, made up of amino acids |
| carbohydrates | group of macromolecules that provide living organisms, with energy storage and structural components, made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| simple carbs | referred to as sugars, found in fruits and vegetables, consist of monosaccharides only |
| complex carbs | referred to as polysaccharides, made up of multiple sugars/monosaccharides |
| lipids | diverse class of molecules that include fats and oils, waxes, steroids, phospholipids, and fat soluble vitamins |
| lipid structure | structure varies, but fats found in our diet are made up of a glycerol head attached to a phospholipid tails called triglycerides |
| saturated fat | triglycerides that are solid at room temperature |
| unsaturated fat | triglycerides remain liquid at room temperature called "oils" |
| trans fats | type of lipid that have received a lot of media attention recently, increase the amount of "bad" cholesterol |
| nucleotides | building blocks of nucleic acids, specifically DNA and RNA |
| nutrition facts labels | provide nutrition information in an easy-to-read format, but the label can be overwhelming with its abundance of information |
| ingredients | provide a complete list of all things in your food |
| enzymes | chemical that aid in digestion by reducing the amount of energy required to break those bonds, proteins that control chemical reactions in cells |
| digestion | the process ins which these macromolecules - proteins, carbs, lipids, are broken down into their simple form |
| monomeric parts | macromolecules broken down into their simple form, the simple form is their monomeric part |
| albumin | component of egg whites, a protein |
| pepsin | an Enzyme that resides in your stomach |
| amylase | breaks down starches into their component sugars |
| trypsin | breaks down proteins, converting them into amino acids |
| lipase | breaks down fats into glycerol and fatty acids |
| base and arm | these are support parts of the microscope. they allow for easy carrying and stability during use. |
| ocular lenses | the eyepiece Sita move the ocular lens, this is the part you use to view your specimen. set at 10x magnification |
| light source | this is build into the base with a lens that focuses light unto the conducer under the stage |
| condenser | contains a system of lenses that focuses on the object placed on the stage, can be moveable or fixed |
| moveable condenser | allows for the up and down adjustment |
| fixed condenser | have their illumination set at the factory and cannot be adjusted |
| diaphragm | used to adjust the amount of light striking the specimen on the side, can be closed or open using the lever on the side of the condenser, can increase the contrast of the image |
| stage | placement area for specimen slide, can be moved vertically up and down using knobs |
| coarse adjustment knob | only use it on 4x, initial focusing of specimens at low power |
| fine adjustment knob | bigger one, allows precise focusing on higher power (anything above 4x), makes very slight changes |
| mechanical stage | specific area where the slide is secured to the stage, adjustment knobs moves stage horizontally side to side and toward and away from you |
| objective lenses | mounted on a revolving nosepiece, each objective contains a complex lens system, magnification indicated by the side of the objective |
| what is magnification determined by | the first lens |
| sanning objective magnification | 4x |
| lower power objective magnification | 10x |
| high power objective magnification | 40x |
| oil-immersion objective magnification | 100x |
| what is total magnification determined by | multiplying the magnification of the objective by the magnification of the ocular lens |
| what magnification has a compounding effect | total magnification |
| the shortest objective is | lowest power |
| always start with what power objective | the lowest |
| resolution is | clarity |
| refraction is | bent |
| why does the F appear upside down | because it is a compound |
| what does the nucleus contain | the nuclear genome, which represents most of the genetic info found within the eukaryotic cells |
| which surface is the brush border on | apical |
| what are striations | periodic light and dark bands |
Created by:
lilyv5