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Introduction to crim
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Procedural Fairness | Processes by which decisions that feel fair are made is a vitual component of our American justice system |
| Procedural justice | crucial to effective criminal justice practices and helps to ensure the legitimacy of justice organizations and their acceptance by the people they serve |
| Criminal activity | been with us since the dawn of history |
| individual rights | accompanied by a dramatic increase in reported criminal activity |
| social disorganization | increased criminality |
| New York times summarizes the situation | well saying "the internet virtual superways have supplanted brick and mortar streets |
| Individual rights versus public order | draws on historical developments that shaped our legal system and our understanding of crime and justice |
| civil rights | led to recognition of fundamental personal rights that previously been denied illegally to many people on the bias of race,ethnicity,gender sex differences or disabilities |
| Individual rights advocate | those who seek to protect personal freedoms and civil rights within society and especially within the criminal justice process |
| social order | Those who suggest that under certain circumstances involving criminal threats to the public safety the interst of society especially crime control |
| public order advocates | take precedence over individual rights will be called |
| word justice is | powerful |
| however justice is an | elusive term |
| justice might mean | and what form it .might eventually take |
| cultural competence | ability to understand appreciate interact with people from culturals or belief systems |
| Contact hypothesis | idea that controlled contact between of two opposing groups tends to reduce tensions between them |
| criminal justice refers to | aspects of social justice that concerns violations of the criminal law |
| Administration of justice | "truth of action" within the process |
| Criminal justice systems consists 3 core components | 1 police 2 courts 3 corrections |
| Justice system work together by design to | achieve the wider purpose we have been calling justice |
| consensus model | hence the systems perspective on criminal justice generally encompasses a point of view |
| system calls to mind a near | perfect form of social organization |
| conflict model | provides another approach to the study of American criminal justice |
| Criminal justice nonsystem | Agencies often conflict and pressures for success, promotion, pay increases and general accountability fragment the efforts of the system as a whole |
| Justice is the ethical | philosophical idea that people should be treated fairly, properly reasonably by the law agents that carry out the law |
| Public must trust, believe in the | authority of the police |
| 21st century policing report also | states that people are more likely to obey the law when they believe authority of these enforcing the law is legitimate |
| Reimagine policy | suggest that the police should intitate this change process because the enforcement arm of the government they weild the bulk of the power in these interactions |
| We should go one step further by | also reimaging police training |
| system diverse of functions and it | levels are linked closely enough for the term system |
| due process | means procedural fairness |
| bill of rights | due process is supported by the fourth. fith, sixth and fourth amendment and itself supported by the fith |
| what we have been calling rights | are open to interpretation |
| Gideon and Wainwright | supreme court decided at some point in history to recognize them in cases brought before it |
| before gidion | court appointed attorneys for defendants unable to afford their own counsel were practically unknown |
| After the Gideon decision | court appointed counsel became commonplace and measures were instituted in jurisdiction across the nation to select attorneys fairly for idisent defendants |
| state is required to | praise counsel |
| Gideon become in effect | the law of the land |
| crime control model | values the efficient arrest and conviction of criminal offenders |
| Parkers crime control model | first brought to the attention of the academic committee in Stanford university's law professor Herbert Packers cogent analysis of the state of criminal justice in the late 1960s |
| due processes model | intended to ensure that innocent people are not convicted of crimes |
| American system of justice as representatives of crime control through | due process system of social control |
| law enforcement infused with the | recognition of individual rights provides a workable conceptual framework for understanding the American system of criminal justice |
| Public health model | puts people communities first |
| evidence based | movement in criminal justice |
| black lives matter movement | is embraced today by millions of people all colors, ages and genders |
| BLM movement insists that | others not be complict in viewpoints and practices that institutionalize racism racial discrimination |
| Evidence doesn't practice | refers to crime fighting strategies that have been scientifically tested and are based on social science research |
| Multiculturalism | society that is home to a multitude of differnt cultures each with its own set of norms |
| social diversity | waves of immigrants along with the trade of enslaved people in the early mid nineteen century |
| multiculturalism | often word in conjunction with the term social diversity to identify many distinctions of social significance |
| race and ethnicity are only | buzzwords people use when they talk about multiculturalism |
| Multiculturalism term used today is but | one form of diversity |
| cultural competence | confusion that arises from a police officer commission to a non English speatiry suspect |
| Due process of law | procedural fairness and requirency that criminal case processes be conducted |
| Information technology director told | police magazines "it's a very bad feeling to be a victim instead of the investigator" |
| Crime statistics come from two major sources | 1 uniform crime reporting (UCR) program 2 National crime victimization survey |
| UCR program publishes crime in the | United States |
| self reports surveys that ask | responders to reveal any illegal activities they have been involved in |
| unreported crimes | those that remain undiscovered |
| National incident based reporting system | represents a significant redesign of the original uniform crime reporting program |
| Summary reporting system | enforcement agencies were able to report crime data in both UCR |
| Group A offencers | consists of 24 services offenses categories made up of 52 specific crimes |
| Group B offenses | categories which generally regarded as less services and only arrest data |
| You can read the FBIs official national incident based | reporting system user manual |
| uniform crime reporting handbook | most resent edition of that handbook that guides and informs the discussion of crimes |
| violent crimes include | murder, rape, robbery, and aggravated assault |
| Properly crimes | motor vehicle temple burgundy arson |
| clearance rate | proportion of reported crimes that have been solved |
| sometimes called | clearance by exceptional means |
| disproportionalits | unblamed ratio between the percentage of persons in one or more racial ethnic groups |
| Discrimination | unequal treatment of members of various groups |
| disparity | state of being unequal |
| systemic discrimination | racism is not just an isolated practice |
| systemic bias | predictions for unjust outcomes based on race |
| Findings show things are | unequal but doesn't say why |
| Black on Black crime | criminal offenses in which both the offender and the victim are black |
| part 1 offenses | traditional UCR/NIBRS offence group used to reort murder |
| murder | willful killing of one human being by another |
| rape and forcible rape often | applied to a wide variety of sexual attacks |
| Rape |
Created by:
Abigail Biggins