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Soci 101 Exam 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Sociology | The scientific study of human, society, social behavior, and group interactions |
| Sociology (Latin) | Fellow, companion, comrade and the knowledge of something |
| Social Fact | External pressures and constraints that influence our lifes (Emily Durkheim) |
| Structual social Facts | population issues, territorial boundaries, relationships to nature |
| Institutional social facts | constraints of institutions, law, economy, religion, medicine |
| Non-institutional social facts | more informal social pressures, songs going viral, trends, fads |
| Social Institution | An established system of rules, roles, and shared belifs that organizes social life and meets the basic needs of a society |
| Social imagination | The ability to connect the most basic, intimate aspects of an individuals life to seemingly impersonal and remote historical forces |
| Macro-sociology | Global level |
| Micro-sociology | Individual level |
| Meso-sociology | Group level (Middle) |
| Culture | The shared belifs, values, customs, behaviors, and everyday practices that characterize a group of people |
| Material Culture | Stop lights, guns, money |
| Non-material Culture | 6-foot rule, language |
| Ideologies | how people think about the world |
| American values | individual achievement, material comfort, free enterprise, democracy, efficiency, progress |
| Main types of norms | folkway, mores, and laws |
| Folkway | minor, ordinary social customs (walking in line, saying please and thank you, manners) |
| Mores | strongly held norms of a moral nature |
| Laws | societal norms that are codifiant in a legal system specifying particular punishments |
| Subculture | a smaller group of people within a larger culture who share distinct values, behaviors, interests, or styles that set them apart from dominant mainstream society |
| Culture shock | a feeling of confusion, anxiety, and distortion that people experience when moving to a completely unfamiliar cultural or social enviroment |
| culture war | A deep political and social conflict rooted in competing moral values worldviews and visions for national identity rather than purely economic policy |
| code switching | The practice of changing your language dialect behavior or apperence to fit into different social or cultural setting |
| Ethnocentrism | to think that your culture is the best |
| Cultural relativism | evaluating different cultures in terms relative to their culture |
| Refection theory | cultural products like media, art, and literature mirror the underlying values, norms, and social structures of the society that creates them |
| Media | communication channels, tools, and platforms used to store, deliver, and share information, news, and entertainment with the public |
| Types of media | Print media, Broadcast media, internet/digital media, outdoor media |
| Socialization | The lifelong process by which individuals learn and internalize the culture, values, belifs, and norms of their society |
| Types of socialization | Primary, secondary, anticipatory |
| Primary socialization | Internalizing family norms and values in early childhood (folkways, mores, laws) |
| Secondary socialization | process by which one's sense of social values, belifs and norms are reengineered through an intense social process |
| Anticipatory socialization | process by which individuals practice for a future social role not yet achieved (dating, chores, school) |
| Agents of socialization | families, schools, peers, religion, mass media |
| Stages of self-development | preparatory stage, play stage, games stage |
| Status | An individuals relative rank, position, or social value within a group or society |
| Role | The set of expected behaviors, obligations, and rights associated with a particular social position or staus |
| Status set | The collection of all the social positions or stauses that an individual holds at the same time |
| Master set | The collection of all statuses a person holds |
| Role conflict | the stress or tension that happens when the expectations or demands from two or more different social statusess collide |
| Role strain | The stress or tension a person feels when they struggle to meet the competing demands, expectations, or obligations of a single social role |
| Impression managment | The consious or subconsious process by which people control and regulate information during social interactions to shape how others perceive them |
| Dramaturturgical perspective on social life | A theoretical frame work that uses the metaphor of theater to analyze everyday social interactions |
| Looking glass self | a persons self-concept and identity develop from how they perceive other people view them |
Created by:
avawilliams