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PSYCH 1.4 abc
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Neuroplasticity | the brain's ability to change (especially when young) by reorganizing after damage or by building new pathways based on experience |
| Lesion | brain tissue is destroyed --> researchers study the impact on functioning |
| Stimulation | brain regions are stimulated electrically, chemically, or magnetically --> researchers study the impact on functioning |
| EEG | A recording of the waves of electrical activity across the brain's surface measured by electrodes placed on the scalp *FUNCTION* |
| MEG | A brain imaging technique that measures magnetic fields from the brain's neural electrical activity *FUNCTION* |
| CT | X-ray photographs taken from different angles and combined by computer to show a slice of the brains structure *STRUCTURE* |
| PET | A visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive glucose goes while the brain performs a given task *FUNCTION* |
| MRI | A technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images of brain anatomy *STRUCTURE* |
| fMRI | A measure of blood flow and brain activity by comparing successive MRI scans to show brain function as well as structure *FUNCTION AND STRUCTURE* |
| Brain Stem | the oldest part and central core of the Brain --> automatic survival functions |
| Medulla | controls heartbeat and breathing --> at the base of the brainstem |
| Pons | controls sleep and helps coordinate movements, including facial expressions |
| Reticular Formation | nerve network that travels through the brain stem into the thalamus --> controls arousal and filters incoming sensory stimuli |
| Reticular Activating System | A network of neurons inside the brainstem that filters out unnecessary information |
| Thalamus | relay station for incoming and outgoing sensory information (exception of smell) |
| Cerebellum | rear of brainstem --> processing sensory input, coordinating movement and balance, nonverbal learning and memory |
| Limbic System | Hypothalamus, Amygdala, Hippocampus |
| Amygdala | 2 Lima-bean-sized neural clusters --> linked to emotion, fear, and aggression |
| Hypothalamus | below (hypo) the thalamus --> directs eating, drinking, body temp; helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary Gland, linked to emotion and reward |
| Hippocampus | small structure with two "arms" that wrap around the thalamus --> helps process for storage explicit (conscious) memories of facts and events |
| Longitudinal Fissure | the long crevice that divides the cerebral cortex into left and right hemispheres --> creates lobes |
| Cerebral Cortex | Frontal lobe, parietal Lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe |
| Frontal Lobe | involved in speaking, motor movements, judgement, and decision-making |
| Parietal Lobe | receives and processes sensory input for touch and body position |
| Temporal Lobe | each lobe receives auditory information, primarily from opposite ear |
| Motor Cortex | controls voluntary movements --> found in frontal lobe |
| Occipital Lobe | each lobe receives visual info, primarily from opposite visual field |
| Somatosensory Cortex | registers information from the skin senses and body movement (parental lobe) |
| Myasthenia Gravis | A chronic autoimmune disorder in which antibodies destroy the communication between nerves and muscle, resulting in weakness of the skeletal muscles |
| Auditory Cortex | receives information from the ears |
| Visual Cortex | receives information from the eyes |
| Association Areas | most of brain's Cortex (integrates info involved in learning, remembering, thinking) because they "associate"/connect raw sensory info with stored memories, emotions |
| Prefrontal Cortex | in the forward part of the frontal lobes --> enables judgement, planning, and processing of new memories --> dorsolateral PFC and orbitofrontal PFC |
| Broca's Area | language center located in the left frontal lobe --> expressive language |
| Wernicke's Area | language center located in the left temporal lobe --> receptive language |
| Aphasia | a language disorder that affects how you communicate --> caused by damage in the area of the Brain that controls language expressions and comprehension |
| Neurogenesis | the biological process by which neurons are generated from neural stem and progenitor cells |
| Corpus Callosum | a wide band of axon fibers connecting the two hemispheres of the brain |
| Split Brain | results when the fibers of the corpus callosum are severed isolating each hemisphere from the other |
| Contralateral Organization of the Brain | the arrangement whereby the motor cortex of each cerebral hemispheres is mainly responsible for control of movements of the contralateral (opposite) side of the body |
| Visual Field | the sense receptors pick up stimuli that is about 2 inches apart |
| Gazzagina Study | the patient saw "ART" in the right visual Field --> information was processed in the left hemisphere --> the left hemisphere controls language --> patient said "ART" |
| Dorsolateral PFC | associated with working memory, emotional regulation, and association with time |
| Orbitofrontal PFC | associated with judgement, emotional liability, inappropriate affect, and distractibility |
Created by:
lilli.spears1