Liquid water changes into water vapor.

Water vapor cools and changes into liquid water.

Water falls from the atmosphere as rain, snow, sleet, or hail.

Plants release water vapor through their leaves.

The combined movement of water into the atmosphere through evaporation and transpiration.

Water enters the soil from the ground surface.

Water moves downward through soil and rock.

Water flows across the land surface.

Water stored below Earth's surface.

A permeable underground layer that stores and transmits groundwater.

Water found on Earth's surface in lakes, rivers, wetlands, reservoirs, and oceans.

Land that is covered or saturated with water for part or all of the year.

The repeated movement of nutrients through organisms and the environment.

Producers use carbon dioxide and light energy to build organic molecules.

Organisms break down sugars for energy and release carbon dioxide.

Decomposers break down dead organisms and wastes, recycling matter.

A location or process that stores more carbon than it releases.

A location or process that releases carbon into the environment.

Carbon dioxide moves from the atmosphere into ocean water.

Atmospheric nitrogen is converted into forms that can eventually become biologically available.

Ammonia/ammonium is converted into nitrite and then nitrate.

Plants absorb nitrogen compounds and incorporate nitrogen into organic molecules.

Decomposers convert organic nitrogen into ammonia or ammonium.

Nitrate is converted into nitrogen gas and returned to the atmosphere.

Excess nutrients cause increased producer growth that can eventually reduce dissolved oxygen.

Oxygen gas dissolved in water and available to aquatic organisms.

Why can warm water be stressful for aquatic organisms?

Warmer water generally holds less dissolved oxygen.

How can water affect nutrient cycling?

Moving water transports nutrients between soils, organisms, waterways, and ecosystems.

Does a nutrient disappear when runoff carries it away?

No. It moves into another part of the system and can continue cycling.

Why can runoff affect aquatic ecosystems?

It can transport nutrients, sediment, pollutants, and other materials into water.

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Aquatic Science U3

Aquatic Science Unit 3 Cycles: Water, Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorous

Question	Answer
Evaporation	Liquid water changes into water vapor.
Condensation	Water vapor cools and changes into liquid water.
Precipitation	Water falls from the atmosphere as rain, snow, sleet, or hail.
Transpiration	Plants release water vapor through their leaves.
Evapotranspiration	The combined movement of water into the atmosphere through evaporation and transpiration.
Infiltration	Water enters the soil from the ground surface.
Percolation	Water moves downward through soil and rock.
Runoff	Water flows across the land surface.
Groundwater	Water stored below Earth's surface.
Aquifer	A permeable underground layer that stores and transmits groundwater.
Surface water	Water found on Earth's surface in lakes, rivers, wetlands, reservoirs, and oceans.
Wetland	Land that is covered or saturated with water for part or all of the year.
Nutrient cycling	The repeated movement of nutrients through organisms and the environment.
Photosynthesis	Producers use carbon dioxide and light energy to build organic molecules.
Respiration	Organisms break down sugars for energy and release carbon dioxide.
Decomposition	Decomposers break down dead organisms and wastes, recycling matter.
Carbon sink	A location or process that stores more carbon than it releases.
Carbon source	A location or process that releases carbon into the environment.
Ocean uptake	Carbon dioxide moves from the atmosphere into ocean water.
Nitrogen fixation	Atmospheric nitrogen is converted into forms that can eventually become biologically available.
Nitrification	Ammonia/ammonium is converted into nitrite and then nitrate.
Assimilation	Plants absorb nitrogen compounds and incorporate nitrogen into organic molecules.
Ammonification	Decomposers convert organic nitrogen into ammonia or ammonium.
Denitrification	Nitrate is converted into nitrogen gas and returned to the atmosphere.
Eutrophication	Excess nutrients cause increased producer growth that can eventually reduce dissolved oxygen.
Dissolved oxygen	Oxygen gas dissolved in water and available to aquatic organisms.
Why can warm water be stressful for aquatic organisms?	Warmer water generally holds less dissolved oxygen.
How can water affect nutrient cycling?	Moving water transports nutrients between soils, organisms, waterways, and ecosystems.
Does a nutrient disappear when runoff carries it away?	No. It moves into another part of the system and can continue cycling.
Why can runoff affect aquatic ecosystems?	It can transport nutrients, sediment, pollutants, and other materials into water.

Created by: andrewpiraino

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