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chapter 3-
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ion | Atom or group of atoms with a charge |
| Cation | Ions with positive charge, typically metals. Lose an electron |
| Anion | Ions with a negate charge, typically nonmetals, gain electrons |
| Transition metals | Metals without a set charge, in-between metals and nonmetals |
| Polyatomic ions | Special ions that have multiple atoms and a set charge (ex No3) |
| Monoatomic ion | Ion made of one atom with a charge (ex 02-, F1-, Mg2+) |
| Octet rule | Atoms gain or lose valance electrons to be stable. End up with 8. |
| Chemical groups | Elements with he same valance electrons. in the same vertical collum (Up and Down) |
| Compound | 2 or more combined elements |
| Ionic compound | A metal and a nonmetal forming |
| Covalent Bond | A bond between 2 nonmetals, sharing electrons (ex O2, N2, H2) |
| Single bond | a bond between 2 valance electrons |
| Double Bond | a bond between 4 valance elctrons |
| triple bond | a bond between 6 valance electrons |
| Molecule | Covalent bonds, without a charge (ie Nh3) |
| Formula weight | the weight of each chemical added together |
| Molecular weight | Same as formula weight, used for Molecules |
| Molar mass | The weight of one mole for any chemical (one mole of carbon is 12amu) |
| Organic compounds | Compounds that have a bond between carbon and hydrogen (C-H) |
| Molecular Formula | Chemical symbols and number to show bonds (ie Nh3, H20, (So3)4) |
| Lewis Structure | A model that uses electron-dot structures. Pairs of dots or lines represent bonding pairs. |
| Lewis Structure Steps | 1.Calculate valence electrons 2. Write chemical symbols and bonds 3. add "NonBonding" pairs |
| Skeletal Structure | Shows organic compounds bonds. only the bonding of the carbon framework. Each line represents a C2 bond (carbon to carbon) |
| Electronegativity | The ability of an atom to attract bonding electrons (or the pull of electrons in a bond) Ex:HF |
| Covalent bond | atoms sharing a pair of valence electrons |
| Polar covalent bond | Covalent bonds with different electro neg activities (partially negative and partially positive, like a battery) |
| Equal bond type | less than .5 electroneg (ex C-C) aka "NON polar" |
| Unequal bond type | .5-1.9 electro neg (ex C-O) |
| Opposite Bond type | more than 1.9 electroneg |
| Polar Covalent bond arrows | Arrows that represent where the electron is being pulled towards |
| Polar Bond Tips | Polar bond exists when hydrogen or carbon atoms are attached to 1. Nitrogen 2. oxygen 3. fluoride 4. chlorine |
| Molecular Geometry | Three-dimensional arrangement of molecular bonds |
| Vsepk Theory | A theory of procedures for predicting molecular geometry. V-Valence. S-shell. E-electron. P-pair. R-Repulsion. |
| Bond areas | the 4 electrons in a double bond, the 6 in a triple bond and the 2 in a single bond are in the same area |
| Electron groups | the "area" in which bonds take place. This applies to bonds AND non bonds (non-bonds like nh3) |
| Step 1 of Vsepr models | draw the Lewis structure for the model |
| Step 2 of vsepr model | determine the number of electron groups (Or the number of bond groups) |
| step 3 of vsepr model | predict the group arrangement |
| Linear Model | Two polar bonds, but in opposite directions (exC02) |
| Trigonal polar | all 3 groups are bonding (ex BF3) |
| Angular(bent) trigonal | one of the three isnt bonding (exSO2) |
| Tetrahedral | 4 groups are bonding (ex Ch4) |
| Trigonal pyramidal | Like a tetrahedral, but one pair isn't bonding (ex NH3) |
| Tetra Angular(bent) | two nonbonding groups (ex H20) |
| Noncovalent interactions | Interactions that do not involve sharing electrons |
| Permanent changes | Hydrogen bond (nitrogenm oxygen or fluoride atom with a hydrogen atom |
| Dipole-dipole forces | attraction of neighboring polar groups for one another |
| Dipole-dipole forces | attraction of neighboring polar groups for one another |
| Permanent changes | Hydrogen bond (nitrogenm oxygen or fluoride atom with a hydrogen atom |
| Dipole-dipole forces | attraction of neighboring polar groups for one another |
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