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Anatomy Unit 3
Upper Limb and Muscles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Vertebral Column Function: | Protection and Support For Trunk |
| Vertebral Column Structure: (33 Vetrebrae) | 7 Cervical, 12 Thoracic, 5 Lumbar, 5 Sacral, 4 Coccygeal |
| 4 Total Curvatures: | Primary Curvatures - Thoracic, Sacral Secondary Curvatures - Cervical, Lumbar |
| C1 = | Atlas |
| C2 = | Axis |
| Ribs & Vertebrae Articulate at Two Places: | -Head of the Rib & the Body of the Vertebrae -Tubercle of the Rib & the Transverse Process of the Vertebrae |
| Ribs (12 Pairs) = | True Ribs (Pairs 1-7) - Attach directly to sternum via their own costal cartilage False Ribs - Pairs 8-10 have their costal cartilage attached to costal cartilage of the rib just superior to it. Floating Ribs (Pairs 11 & 12) - No connection to Sternum |
| Erector Spinae Muscles Action: | -Unilateral - Lateral flexion of head and vertebral column - Bilateral - Extend head and vertebral column |
| Erector Spinae Muscles Innervation: | Dorsal rami of spinal nn. |
| Bones of Pectoral Girdle: | Clavicle, Scapula |
| Bones of Upper Limb: | Radius, Ulna, Humerus, Carpals, Metacarpals, Phalanges |
| Where does the clavicle articulate with the sternum: | Jugular Notch |
| Pectoral Girdle attaches to the axial skeleton at the: | Sternoclavicular joint |
| Sternoclavicular Join: | Where the appendicular skeleton attaches to the axial skeleton |
| Proximal Row of Carpal Bones (L->M) | Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform |
| Distal Row of Carpal Bones (L->M) | Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate |
| 4 Joints of the Shoulder | Sternoclavicular joint, Acromioclavicular joint, Glenohumeral joint, Scapulothoracic joint |
| Sternoclavicular Joint | Synovial, saddle joint between the sternal end of the clavicle and the sternum. ONLY articulation between upper extremity and the axial skeleton. |
| Sternum and Clavicle are separated by: | articular disc (made of fibrocartilage) |
| Sternum and Clavicle are held together by: | ANTERIOR and POSTERIOR sternoclavicular ligaments (intrinsic ligaments) and supported by the costoclavicular ligament (extrinsic ligament) |
| Acromioclavicular Joint | Synovial, plane joint between the acromial end of the clavicle and the acromion process of the scapula. |
| Acromial end of clavicle and acromion process of the scapula: | held together by the acromioclavicular ligament (intrinsic ligament) and supported by the coracoclavicular ligaments (extrinsic ligaments) |
| Glenohumeral Joint | Synovial, ball and socket joint between the humeral head and the glenoid fossa (cavity) of the scapula |
| Humeral head and glenoid fossa of scapula: | held together by the glenohumeral ligaments (intrinsic ligament) and supported by the coracohumeral ligament and coracoacromial ligament (extrinsic ligament) |
| Joint Stability in the Shoulder Joint (Glenohumeral): | provided by the rotator cuff muscles, and the joint is deepened by the glenoid labrum |
| Tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii enter where? | The joint capsule to attach to the supraglenoid tubercle |
| Spinal Nerve: | a mixed nerve and is formed from the union of a dorsal root (contains afferent or sensory fibers) and a ventral root ( contains efferent or motor fibers) |
| Spinal Nerves (31 Total) | 8 Cervical, 12 Thoracic, 5 Lumbar, 5 Sacral, 1 Coccygeal |
| C1-C7 Spinal Nerves: | These will exit the vertebral canal (via the interverbral foramina) SUPERIOR to the vertebrae for which they are named |
| C8 Spinal Nerves: | These will exit the vertebral canal between C7 and T1. |
| T1 and Inferior Spinal Nerves: | These will exit the vertebral canal INFERIOR to the vertebrae for which they are named |
| Cervical Plexus: | C1-C4 |
| Brachial Plexus: | C5-T1 |
| Lumbar Plexus: | T12-L4 |
| Sacral Plexus: | L4-S4 |
| Intercostal Nerves | T1-T12 |
| Musculocutaneous Nerve | formed from ventral rami from spinal cord levels C567. Is a DIRECT continuation of the lateral cord. Pierces through the coracobrachialis m. |
| Musculocutaneous Nerve runs between: | biceps brachii m. and brachialis m. and innervates ALL muscles of the anterior arm. |
| Median Nerve: | Formed from ventral rami from spinal cord levels C5-T1. Also formed 1/2 by lateral cord and 1/2 by medial cord. |
| Medial Nerve enters: | forearm by passing through cubital fossa. also runs between the flexor digitorum superficialis m. and flexor digitorum profundus m. in anterior forearm |
| Meidal Nerve Innervates: | all BUT 1 1/2 muscles of the anterior forearm and ONLY 5 intrinsic hand muscles |
| Ulnar Nerve: | formed from ventral rami from spinal cord levels C8-T1 and direct continuation of the medial cord. |
| Ulnar Nerve Runs: | posterior to the medial epicondyle and runs medially within the anterior forearm. Innervates 1 1/2 muscles in anterior forearm and innervates all BUT 5 intrinsic hand muscles |
| Radial Nerve: | formed from ventral rami from spinal cord levels C5-T1 and is the direct continuation of the posterior cord |
| Radial Nerve Passes and Innervates: | Passes posterior to the humerus within the radial groove and innervates ALL muscles of the posterior arm and forearm |
| Axillary Nerve (C5-C6): | Formed from ventral rami from spinal cord levels C5-C6 and branch off the posterior cord. |
| Axillary Nerve Passes and Innervates: | Passes posterior to the humerus around the surgical neck and innervates the deltoid m. and teres minor m. |
| Upper Brachial Plexus Nerves: | Long thoracic n. - formed directly from ventral rami C5-C7 and innervates the serratus anterior m. |
| Lower Brachial Plexus Nerves: | Thoracodorsal n. - branches off the posterior cord; ventral rami from C6-C8. Innervates the latissimus dorsi m. |
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