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Ap World Units 1-2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| in 1200 what was the most modern place in the world | East Asia, especially China |
| Song Dynasty (960-1279) who did they rule over and how was the conditions | they ruled over china and it was stable political rule |
| where was the golden age | in the song dynasty, it was of arts and literature |
| what kind of government did the Song Dynasty have | bueracracy, 6 major ministries overseen by the censorate |
| how did they select govt officials | they had exams |
| merit | selecting govt officials based off of knowledge instead of status |
| who still had an unfair advantage in this situation? | those of privelege because they had better acsess to education |
| China's economic revolution-effects | made china the most advanced place in the world and population boomed |
| Hangzhou | capital of Song Dynasty, very grand |
| industrial production in China-examples and how much did they have | they had metallurgy and artisans, and they had like the most in the world at this time |
| what three main things did china invent that were the most influential | gunpowder, the printing system, shipbuilding |
| internal waterways in China-where did they flow and what were their main effects | flowed from Yangzi to Yellow rivers and boosted trade, paper money and taxes |
| how were women seen in the song dynasty | inferior and weak |
| what did women in the Song dynasty do during the beggining before they got kicked out of it | silk weaving and making, textile industry in general |
| foot binding- who got it and what was it a sign of | mostly wealthy women of status got it, it showed how useless women were but was also a beauty standard |
| what did the Song dynasty do that was good for women | they gave them acess to literature and the arts, and they could occasionally own property |
| how was korea related to China | they had a tributary relationship, korea was always independent of china, they had a good relationship |
| what was one way that china affected Korean culture | confucionist ideas about women |
| did women in Korea have rights? | no, because Korea gave in to China's ideas about women |
| did buddism and buracracy have an impact on Korea? | no |
| hangul | phonetic alphabet of Korean language, officials at first didn't like it but soon adopted it |
| what religions spread in Vietnam from china | Daoism, Buddism and confucionism |
| what was the relationship between china and vietnam | tributary and they traded as a vassal state |
| what part of Vietnam was part of China for several centuries? | Red River Valley |
| what were some elements in vietnam that made them unique from china | they had cockfighting, betle nut chewing and their own language and alphabet |
| how were women treated in vietnam | good, they had a lot of rights and respect |
| as Vietnam expanded to the south, what did the north part try to do but mostly failed | they tried to spread confucionist ideas about women but failed |
| chu nom | southern script. the language of vietnam |
| how many japanese islands were there and were they ever invaded by china | never invaded by china and there were around 100 islands |
| how did parts of Chinese culture become blended into japan | it was all voluntary |
| when was the high point of this Chinese culture borrowing | 7th-9th centuries when Japan's many cheifdoms were becoming united |
| selective borrowing | by the 10th century, Japan had stopped its tributary relationship with china and they only selectively borrowed what they wanted to about their culture |
| samurai | warrior class of japan |
| bushido | the way of the warrior, loyalty, bravery, and death over surrender |
| kami | Japanese spirits focused on human ancestors and nature |
| shinto | the worship of the kami, could go along with any other religion |
| how were japanese literature and art affected by Chinese culture | art was unaffected, and Japanese language blended Japanese phonetic letters with the Chinese language |
| the tale of Gengi | written by Murasaki Shikibu, detailed romantic and court life in japan |
| how were women treated in Japan | they had many rights such as marrying and divorcing freely, working outside of the home, but they later in the 12th century lost their rights to warrior culture |
| where did the world of Islam stretch to | Spain all the way to india |
| around 1000, where else did the Islamic world spread to | Anatolia, the Balkans, turks, and later central and southeast asia |
| Abbasid caliphate | Arab dynasty that had taken over the islamic world after the passing of Muhammed, but had lost a lot of power |
| capital of Abbasid caliphate | baghdad |
| did people still respect the Abbasid caliphate | yes |
| around 1000, who came to the Abbasid caliphate | the Turks from central asia |
| Seljuk turk empire | the Turks went from being slaves in the Abbasid to taking over and building an empire |
| sultan | ruler in Islam, Turks in the Seljuk turk empire would use this instead of the Turkish version kaghan |
| by 1200, what had happened to the Islamic heartland | fractured into sultanates ruled by turks and Persians, and Mongols invaded and destroyed the Abbasid in 1258 |
| Ottoman empire: who was it created by, when was it in power, where was it and what was its affect | Turkic military group that invaded anatolia, spread to the Balkans, caucas, Anatolia, and some of the middle east and north africa, was in power from 15-20th centuries and united the middle east with north africa |
| what religions were in the Ottoman empire | Christians, Jews and Muslims mostly |
| caliph | successor of the prophet |
| what did the Ottomans claim, and what did they do for islam | they claimed the legacy of the Abbasid, and the reunited the Islamic world |
| what did the Turks do in india | they invaded it to try to spread Islam and were very violent and destroyed buddist and Hindu temples |
| sultunate of Delhi | was under Muslim rule but didnt really make an impact on converting people |
| what did islam do when introduced to north india | Muslims went to places where Hinduism wasnt as widespread and the lower caste people in Hinduism liked it and converted, and they also liked it because they didn't have to pay non-Muslim taxes |
| sufis | muslim holy men, helped convert |
| Vijayanagar Empire, where and who did they control | in India, (1336-1646)- very large, controlled south india |
| how did Muslims and Hindus interact in Vijayanagar | they got along well and traded with eachother |
| al-Andalus- where was this, what happened there | Spain, was conquered by arab and Berber in 1st Islam expansion, Christians, Jews and Muslims all coexisted here |
| what did al-Andalus have that was really good | they had amazing agurculture |
| Cordoba | capital of Spain at the time, considered one of the best cities in the world |
| what happened during the reign of Abd al-Rahman in spain | Muslims were majority but Jews and Christians got along well with them |
| conflict with Christians in spain | even arabacized Christians were considered second class citizens to Muslims, so they revolted, and Spain split up into a whole bunch of rival city states |
| what happened during the reign of al-Mansur in spain | Christians were persecuted, muslims came from north africa, there was growing hatred and seperation between Christians and muslims |
| christian reconquest of Spain (1200-1492) what happened and how did it come to an end | the would force Jews and muslims to be converted or exiled, muslims and Jews went to Ottoman empire and north Africa, and Europeans would come to spain to take the Jewish and Muslim tech advancements, ended when ferdinand and isabella captured grenada |
| Byzantine empire | was one of the largest and most powerful Christian empires, started to decline in 1200 but influenced Rus in east europe, was before the ottoman empire |
| what was happening in western europe at this time | Roman empire fell |
| what happened in western europe after the fall of rome | greko-roman Christian traditions mixed with celtic and German traditions |
| how was byzantium related to the Roman empire | it was seen as a continuation of the Roman empire, had no clear start or end point |
| what did byzantium seek to preserve | the golden age of the Roman empire |
| constantinople | capital of the byzantine empire, new Rome (estd. 330 CE) |
| what areas did Byzantium lose to Islam and what areas did they have left | lost syria, Palestine, egypt and north Africa but kept Anatolia, Greece and balkans |
| caesaropapism | the emperor was both pope and ruler, church and state were together, tried to recreate the holy court in heaven on earth in politics |
| eastern orthodox christianity | legitimated that the emperor was supreme, God on earth |
| how did eastern orthodox and Roman Catholics get along | they hated eachother and excommunicated eachother |
| the crusades | launched by Catholic pope to capture Islam, they seized byzantine, holy wars, thought it was god's purpose |
| Kievan Rus | named after Kiev, was turning into a civilization |
| prince vladimir of Kiev | in 988, he started associating with eastern orthodox of byzantine empire, he thought that it would open up Rus to dier communication and exchange |
| cryllic alphabet | based on the Greek alphabet, was used by Rus |
| what was Rus's view on eastern orthodox? | they thought that it was a way to unite Rus |
| how did the Byzantine Empire fall | in 1453 the Turkish ottoman empire took over constantinople |
| what form of Christianity did people in western europe practice | Roman catholocism |
| what in western Europe made unity difficult | the terrain, there were a lot of dense forests and mountains |
| what was good about western europe's geography | they had a coast with a lot of fertile soil |
| feudalism | highly decentralized and fragmented society, many lords with manors, west europe never united |
| serfdom | the serfs weren't slaves, allowed to live in families, they would work for the Lord in turn for land and safety |
| after 1000, what started to happen in western Europe politically | began to morph into city states, established authority |
| impact of europe's multicentered political system | it brought many wars, death+destruction |
| who was at the top of the social pyramid in western europe | the military |
| what did Europe do to try to catch up to china | invent or steal their tech, they inventedd the magnetic compass, cannons, rudders, lateens and sails for boats |
| Roman Catholic church structure | spoke latin, pope was at the top and then bishop, priest and monastaries |
| was the Roman catholic church powerful? | yes, very powerful and had a lot of influence |
| urban merchants-how did they live in western europe | they had a lot of freedom bc none of the higher up ppl could rule over eachother |
| were there many independent city states that emerged around this time? | YES |
| what did this political freedom influence that would happen in the future | capitalism and democracy |
| what was the political system | parliament with representatives with 3 states 1st state- clergy 2nd state- landowning nobility 3rd state- urban merchants |
| high middle ages (1000-1300) | good climate with political stability, caused population to increase from 35m-80m |
| what happened to the serfs during the high middle ages | as the colonization of wild land started, there was more land for the serfs to move onto and own themselves |
| black death (1350), what were the effects after this | there was a work shortage because over 1/3 of the population had died, so the people who were available for work could easily request better working conditions |
| technology, where did this come from and what are some examples of it | it was borrowed from the byzantine and persians, some examples are horseshoe, horses, wheel plow, crop rotation |
| how did this tech affect the environment | it was bad |
| after 1000, what tech advancements started happening and examples, what were the effects of this | Europeans started using more mechanical energy sources, examples of this are like windmills, cranks, water mills, gears, this boosted trade with Byzantium and islam |
| towns and cities- what was happening to them at this time | europe was growing a lot, and more complex labor took shape, specialization and guilds created |
| women- how were they treated at this time in europe, and what did they start doing | in earlier times, they had more freedom and many were artisans, but their power slowly was taken away and they were viewed as inferior and unclean, many became nuns to escape male control |
| after the population in Europe grew, what did they start doing | they started trading and interacting with other civilizations a lot more |
| crusades (1095-1400s) | holy wars, they thought that God was calling them to fight for christianity |
| what perks did you get if you were a crusader | you got indugence and forgiveness of all confessed sins, you also got material benefits and money |
| most famous crusades did what | they tried to take back Jerusalem and places that had become ruled by Islam, but in doing this they slaughtered a lot of jews and Muslims so it was bad |
| what did the crusaders on the iberian peninsula want to do | take back the iberian peninsula from the Muslims and turn it christian |
| crusaders in Baltics and russia | scandanavian and German warriors tried to conquer and convert the Baltics, Byzantine and Russia were also trying to do the same thing |
| impact of the crusades | had no true lasting impact politically or religiously in the middle east because Europe wasn't very powerful, but they were able to take the Baltics, iberia and Sicily into the christiandom |
| there were more tech advancements, bzyantine collapsed, demand for Asian luxuries and the slavery system started in Europe around this time | yes this did happen |
| what did cross-cultural contact do | it opened up trade, tech and intelligence but made relationships worse |
| how were Jews, Muslims and Christians getting along at this time | badly, they persecuted and exiled eachother |
| intellectual life in Europe after 1000 | due to rising population, comercialization and islamic culture people started questioning things more than they previously had |
| what political system did west europe implement and what did it cause | it was more free and let institutions have freedom |
| human reasoning in europe at this time | literate churchmen developed the idea that humans could reason divine mysteries, they first turned to theology, then medicine, nature, law, etc |
| how did Greek texts influence this intellectual reasoning | everyone was already excited about human reasoning, so they went to see what the greeks thought on the subject |
| Byzantine and Islamic texts | they read these too, and learned about science and tech, and to not trust govt authority |
| how did Aristotle influence European intellectualism | inspired europeans most in scientific temperament, basis for universities, affected christ vs science ideas and scientific revolution later |
| European Renaissance-when, what happened | started in Italy, 1350-1500, was in art, music and literature, they looked at Greek and Roman works so they could learn and surpass them, many artists started to focus more on human anatomy and took inspiration from the work of the muslims |
| what were the effects of the renaissance | challenged traditional Christianity, gave rise to capitalism, secular intellectualism |
| where were the main places inhabited in the americas | Andes an mesoamerica |
| how was the terrain in the americas | it was very rugged and diverse, this caused a lack of unity and cultural contact |
| how and when did the Inca and Aztec civilizations emerge | in the 15th century, emerged from marginalized peoples who overtook the older civilizations |
| how were civilizations in the americas | they were constantly rising and falling |
| where did the aztecs inherit culture from | central Mexico to northern central america |
| aspects of their society | very agircultural and polytheistic religion |
| Maya civilization-where and size | Yucatan region of Mexico and Guatemala, very large and powerful |
| what were the strengths of the mayans | architecture, writing, and math |
| how did the Mayans fall | they had fragmented city state structure |
| Aztec Empire-how big was it, when and who was it built by | last and largest mesoamerican society before the spaniards invaded, built by Mexica people |
| tenochtitlan | the capital of the Aztec Empire |
| what caused the political instability in the Aztec Empire | Mexica ppl had a triple alliance with two other city states and together overtook other peoples, the people who were conquered weren't treated very well and would often rebel |
| chinampas | floating gardens, artificial islands created by swamplands |
| slaves in Aztec society | important, often used as human sacrifices to the gods |
| Aztec relgion | Huitzilopochtli was main god, he got tired when constantly battling the evil, so they would have to sacrifice the slaves for human blood |
| how did this religion affect Aztec warfare | they believed that capturing the enemy was better than killing it |
| what did the people in the Andes do in regards to the environment | they did irrigation in the deserts because there were rivers flowing through them, pacific ocean provided seafood for them |
| how did the Incans get stuff | through colonization, trade, and conquest |
| Incan Empire (1438-1533)- who founded it and how did they come to power, where was it and what was the government system | 1438-1533, Quecha speaking people made empire along the Andes, was a rags to riches story, got power by conquest and the empire was burecratic |
| Viracocha and Inti | the emperor was descendant of the creator god Viracocha, and son of the sun god Inti |
| quipus | knotted cords that served as accounting device, recorded births, deaths, and marriages plus other population data |
| Quechua | language of the incans, conquered peoples were required to know it |
| mita | labor service, required periodically of every household, everyone had to work for the state |
| wives of the sun | little girls taken from their homes and trained to specialize in crafts, then given to husbands and serve as priestesses |
| the incan ideology encouraged what | hospitality and providing for needs |
| how did Aztec and Incans view gender roles | they believed in gender parallelism, which meant that women and men were equal but they had specific seperate roles in society |
| they believed that daughters and sons came from where | daughters came from mothers and sons came from fathers |
| were there gender cults and special gods for each gender? | yes |
Created by:
I'mtheAlpha