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origins of civilizat
Social studys
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Archaeologists | Scientists who study past human life by examining artifacts, fossils, and ancient sites. |
| Hominins | Early human ancestors that lived after the split from the ancestors of modern apes. |
| “Ardi” | The nickname for a fossil skeleton of an early hominin that lived about 4.4 million years ago in Africa. |
| Culture | The way of life of a group of people, including their beliefs, customs, language, and technology. |
| Homo Sapiens | The scientific name for modern humans. |
| Hearth | A place where a fire is built and maintained, often found at early human living sites. |
| Fossils | Preserved remains or traces of ancient living things. |
| excavate | To carefully dig up and uncover artifacts, fossils, or other remains from the ground. |
| “the oldest one” | Refers to an early fossil or human ancestor identified as the oldest of its type discovered at the time. |
| bands | Small groups of people, usually related families, who lived and traveled together. |
| “out of Africa” | The theory that Homo sapiens originated in Africa and later migrated to other parts of the world. |
| nomadic | Moving from place to place instead of living permanently in one location. |
| geologists | Scientists who study Earth, including rocks, minerals, and the processes that have changed the planet. |
| artifacts | Objects made or used by humans in the past, such as tools, weapons, or pottery. |
| hunter-gatherers | People who obtain food by hunting animals and gathering wild plants and other fodso. |
| Neanderthals | An extinct group of ancient humans who lived mainly in Europe and parts of Asia and interacted with Homo sapiens. |
| land bridges | Areas of land that once connected places that are now separated by water, allowing people and animals to migrate. |
| Denisovans | An extinct group of ancient humans known largely from fossils and DNA evidence, related to Neanderthals. |
| “Lucy” | The nickname for a famous Australopithecus afarensis fossil discovered in Ethiopia, dating to about 3.2 million years ago. |
| Paleolithic | The Old Stone Age, the period when early humans lived mainly as hunter-gatherers and used stone tools. |
| complex language | A developed system of communication that allows people to express complicated ideas and information. |
| adapt |