Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
AP Psych: Social
test 9/21
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| person perception | how we form impressions of ourselves and others, how we explain behavior |
| attribution theory | how to explain someone's personality traits |
| fundamental attribution error | we underestimate the impact of a situation and overestimate the impact of someone's personality ex. someone gets a bad grade and you say "they are lazy" when they may have been sick instead of studying |
| actor-observer bias | when you go easier on yourself and more judgment towards others ex. you get a bad grade and think "its ok the test was hard", someone else gets a bad grade "they are just dumb" |
| prejudice | negative attitude toward a specific group |
| discrimination | negative behavior towards a group- often bc of prejudice and stereotypes |
| stereotypes | generalized beliefs about a group of people |
| just-world phenomenon | people believe the world is fair and people get what they deserve |
| ingroup bias | favor members of own group at the expense of those in the outgroup |
| scapegoat theory | idea that prejudice offers an outlet of anger by giving us someone to "blame" |
| other-race effect | tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races |
| attitudes | feelings that predispose our reactions to people, objects, and events |
| foot-in-the-door phenomenon | tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request later comply with a larger request ex. asking for a ride one day, then every day after that |
| role | set of expectations in a social setting that define how one ought to behave |
| cognitive dissonance | we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when our thoughts and actions don't match up |
| peripheral route persuasion | (indirect) get attention to trigger fast, emotion-based judgements ex. celebrity endorsement |
| central route persuasion | (direct) uses evidence and arguments to trigger careful thinking and logic |
| norms | rules for accepted and expected behavior |
| conformity | adjusting behavior or thinking to coincide with a group idea or standard |
| Asch (person) | conformity experiments (when participants all said the obviously wrong answer, the subject followed along with them even though they knew it was wrong) |
| normative social influence | we conform to avoid rejection or to gain social approval |
| informational social influence | we conform to be accurate- accept others' opinions about reality |
| Milgram (person) | obedience study (subject was told to shock a person if they got the answer wrong until a volt that could kill someone. 2/3 went to the highest voltage) |
| social facilitation | improved performance on tasks in the presence of others |
| social loafing | tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts |
| group polarization | enhancement of a group's already-existing attitudes through discussion within the group ex. terrorism |
| groupthink | when the desire to agree as a group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives ex. challenger disaster- one person knew it wouldn't work but didn't say anything |
| tight culture | strict norms- more people follow |
| loose culture | flexible and informal norms- more variability |
| aggression | any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy |
| frustration-aggression principle | frustration creates anger, which can generate aggression |
| social script | culturally modeled guide for how to act in various situations |
| mere exposure effect | repeated exposure to new stimuli increases one's liking of them ex. music, faces |
| passionate love | an aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship |
| companionate love | a deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with who our lives are intertwined- leads to friendship and commitment |
| equity | when each member of couple contributes and receives from a relationship equally |
| self-disclosure | revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others |
| altruism | unselfish regard for the welfare of others |
| bystander effect | tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present |
| social exchange theory | our social behavior is an exchange process, we aim to maximize benefits and minimize costs (when the reward is greater than the cost, we help) |
| reciprocity norm | an expectation that we should help, not hurt, those needing help |
| social-responsibility norm | expectation that people will help those needing help |
| conflict | a perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas |
| social trap | when we harm our collective well-being by pursuing our personal interests ex. fishing, hunting |
| mirror image perceptions | people in conflict form negative views of other side- view selves as ethical and peaceful and the other side as evil and aggressive |
| self-fulfilling prophecies | when we believe something to be true about others or ourselves and we act in ways that cause this belief to become true |
| subordinate goals | shared goals that override differences among people + require cooperation |
| Zimbardo | prison study (people were put in roles and adapted to them) |
| Festinger | cognitive dissonance (people changed their private attitudes on boring tasks like turning a knob to match their public behavior) |
Created by:
gwenmartin