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Vital Signs
Module 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Normal Adult Respiratory Rate | 12-20 breaths per minute |
| Cheyne-Stokes Respirations | Increase in rate and depth, then decrease, then there is a period of apnea. This pattern is observed in patients with heart failure and intercranial pressure, and can be a forewarning of death. |
| Biot's Respirations | Period of slow and deep or fast and shallow respirations followed by apnea. Observed in CNA abnormalities. |
| Normal Adult Pulse | 60-100 BPM |
| Kussmaul Respirations | Deep gasping breaths. Usually due to renal failure, septic shock, and/or diabetic ketoacidosis. |
| Normal Adult Systolic BP | 90-119 mmHg |
| Normal Adult Diastolic BP | 60-79 mmHg |
| Brachypnea | Slow respiratory rate. |
| Eupnea | Normal, even, easy respiration. |
| Normal Oxygen Range | 95-100% |
| CRIES pain scale | Used for neonates. It looks at crying, oxygen levels, HR and BP, expression, and sleeplessness. |
| Faces/Oucher Pain Scale | Uses faces depicting facial expressions from happy to crying to help children rate their pain. |
| Febrile/Afebrile/Pyrexia/Hyperpyrexia | Fever |
| Conduction | The movement of electrical impulses, heat, ions, or sound waves through body tissues or a conducting medium |
| Diaporesis | Excessive sweating that is not caused by high temperatures or physical exertion, but rather by an underlying health condition or medication side effect. |
| Tachypnea | Fast respiratory rate. |
| Evaporation | Cools the body by using heat energy from the skin to turn liquid sweat into gas. |
| Hyperthermia | High body temperature (over 105F) |
| Hypothermia | Low body temperature (under 95F) |
| Radiation | The heat waves coming off your body. 40% of heat waves are lost through the head. Wearing layers keeps you warm because you're trapping the heat waves your body is producing. |
| The Six Vital Signs | Temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, pain |
| Apnea | No respiration. |
| Thermoregulation | How your body maintains your body temperature. It is controlled by the hypothalamus. |
| Thermogenesis | Heat in the body is created by burning calories. This is caused by muscle contractions and hormones. |
| Basal Metabolic Rate | The heat produced by your body when it is at total rest. |
| Convection | Air flow, higher air flow helps to cool your body. |
| Core body temperatues | Rectal, tympanic, temporal |
| Normal Body Temp | 98.6F/37C (oral, tympanic), 99.6F/37.5C (rectal), 97.6F/36.4C (axillary) |
| Orthopnea | Shortness of breath that happens when you lie flat on your back and goes away when you sit or stand up. |
| Reyes Syndrome | Severe confusion, decreased level of consciousness that can get very close to comatose, can be irreversible. |
| Aspirin generic name | Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA) |
| Auscultation | Listening to the sounds of the body with a stethoscope |
| Normal Body Temperature | 98.6F, 37C |
| Tidal Breath | The depth of respiration |
| Apical Pulse | The most accurate pulse. When you listen to the heart itself. |
| Point of Maximal Impulse | the furthest point on the lower left chest where the heartbeat can be felt. |
| Apical-Radial Pulse | Measuring a patient's apical pulse with another person measuring their radial pulse for 1 minute to determine if a pulse deficit is present. |
| S1 | First heart sound, when the atrioventricular valves close. |
| S2 | Second heart sound, when the semilunar valves close. |
| Korotkoff sounds | Pulsing noises heard through a stethoscope when measuring blood pressure manually with a cuff over the brachial artery. |
| Auscultatory Gap | A temporary period of diminished or absent Korotkoff sounds during the deflation of a blood pressure cuff. |
| Perfusion | The process of delivering oxygen-rich blood and nutrients to the body’s tissues and organs. |
| Systole | Measurement of the blood pressure when the heart contracts. |
| Diastole | Measurement of the blood pressure when the heart relaxes. |
| Stroke Volume | The amount of blood that leaves the heart with each heart beat. |
| Cardiac Output | The amount of blood that is pumped out of the heart in one minute. |
| Pulse Pressure | The difference between systolic and diastolic BP. Measures the specific physical strength or force generated during a contraction and how well your arteries handle that surge. |
| Pulse Deficit | When the heart contracts inefficiently and does not transmit the pulse wave to the peripheral sites. |
| Brachycardia | Slow heart rate |
| Hypertension | High blood pressure |
| Hypotension | Low blood pressure |
| Tachycardia | Fast heart rate |
| Orthostatic Hypotension | Hypotension depending on the position the patient is in. |
| Primary Hypertension | High blood pressure that is caused by a cardiovascular issue. |
| Secondary Hypertension | High blood pressure that is caused by a non-cardiovascular issue (renal impairment, endocrine disorders). |
| Arrhythmia | Irregular heart rate |
| Febrile/Afebrile/Pyrexic/Hyperpyrexic/Hyperthermia | Fever |
Created by:
marinareagankhan