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Literary Terms
IB English Yr. II Literary Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Active Voice | Ex: "I do my homework" |
| Allegory | A symbolic story that has both a literal and figurative meaning |
| Alliteration | Repetition of initial consonant sounds |
| Anapestic Rhythm | Unstressed, unstressed, stressed - Has a sing-song, child-like quality |
| Anaphora | When a certain word or phrase is repeated at the beginning of clauses or sentences that follow each other |
| Antithesis | A pair of statements or images in which one reverses the other, written with similar grammatical structures to show more contrast. |
| Archetype | An idea, symbol, pattern, or character-type that recurs across cultures and symbolizes something universal in human experience. |
| Aside | A line spoken by an actor to the audience or one other character, but not intended for others on stage. |
| Assonance | The repetition of vowel sounds across a line of text or poetry. |
| Asyndeton | Skipping one or more conjunctions (and, or, but, for, nor, so, yet) usually used in a series of phrases. |
| Auditory | Appeals to the reader's sense of hearing or sound. Includes music and other pleasant sounds, harsh noises, or silence. |
| Bildungsroman | A "coming-of-age story" in which the main character transforms from child to adult, or takes major steps in that direction. |
| Cacophonous | the use of words with sharp, harsh, hissing, and unmelodious sounds- primarily consonants- to achieve a desired effect. |
| Caesura | A midline pause. |
| Conditional | Tenses used to speculate about what could happen, what might have happened, and what we wish would happen. |
| Consonance | The repetition of identical or similar consonants in neighboring words whose vowel sounds differ. |
| Dramatic Irony | When the audience knows something the characters don't |
| End-stopped | A line of poetry in which a sentence or phrase concludes at the end. |
| Enjambment | The continuation of a sentence or clause across a line break |
| Epigraph | A quotation set at the beginning of a literary work or one of its divisions to suggest its theme. |
| Epistolary | Written in letter or diary format. |
| Epistrophe | When a certain phrase or word is repeated at the end of sentences or clauses that follow each other. |
| Epithet | A nickname or descriptive term added to someone's name that becomes part of common usage. |
| Ethos | Credibility of a speaker. |
| Euphonious | A harmonious combination of sounds and words. |
| Eye rhyme | Rhyme that appears correct from spelling but does not rhyme due to pronunciation. |
| Gustatory | Appeals to the reader's sense of taste. |
| Hypophora | The technique of asking a question, then proceeding to answer it. |
| Iambic | Unstressed, stressed. |
| Imperative | A command |
| In media res | "In the middle of things" - Beginning in the midst of action. |
| Interjection | A short expression that writers use to express emotion |
| Interrupted Order | A word group (statement, question, or exclamation) that interrupts the flow of a sentence, usually set off by commas, dashes, or parentheses. |
| Kenning | Two-word metaphorical compound. |
| Kinesthetic | Appeals to the reader's sense of motion. |
| Logos | Appeal to logic |
| Long Works (Novels, plays) | Italicized or underlined |
| Loose sentence | A sentence structure in which the main clause is followed by one or more coordinate or subordinate phrases and clauses |
| Mellifluous | Sweetly flowing or sounding |
| Metonymy | The use of a linked term to stand in for an object or concept. |
| Monologue | A speech by one actor; a long talk by one person |
| Monosyllabic | Having only one syllable |
| Neologism | An invented word |
| Olfactory | Appeals to the reader's sense of smell |
| Onomatopoeia | A word which imitates the natural sound of what it means |
| Organic | Communicates internal sensations such as fatigue, hunger, and thirst as well as internal emotions such as fear, love, and despair. |
| Parallel Structure | Using the same pattern or words to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance. |
| Passive Voice | When the subject receives the action of the verb. Ex: "My homework is done." |
| Pathos | Appeal to emotion |
| Periodic Sentence | A sentence where the main clause or predicate is at the end. |
| Persona | The person understood to be speaking, thinking, or writing a particular work - the "voice." |
| Plastic Theatre | Use of props, noises, music, and stage directions to convey a parallel with characters' states of mind; symbolic, not realistic, so characters' minds become e stage settings (coined by Tennessee Williams). |
| Plosive | A short burst of sound made when saying a word containing b, d, g, k, p, or t; creates a jarring, sometimes cacophonous effect. |
| Polysyndeton | Uses multiple repetitions of the same conjunction (and, but, if, etc.), most commonly "and." |
| Rhetorical Question | A question posed not to receive an answer, but to make a point. |
| Short works (poems, songs, short sentences) | In quotation marks. |
| Sibilance | Strongly stressed consonants created deliberately through the lips and tongue, producing hissing sounds (usually "s," "z," "th," or "f" sounds). |
| Situational Irony | Reality is the opposite of what is expected. |
| Slant Rhyme | Rhyme in which vowel sounds are nearly, but not exactly, the same (ex: "stress" and "kiss"); also called half-rhyme or near rhyme. |
| Soliloquy | A long speech expressing the thoughts of a character alone on stage. |
| Drama features to note | Stage directions, costume, expression, gesture, entrances and exits, props, and music. |
| Stichomythia | Rapid alternating single lines spoken by two characters; increases tension, sometimes for humor. |
| Synecdoche | A figure of speech in which a part stands for a whole, or a whole stands for a part. |
| Synesthesia | A rhetorical device or figure of speech where one sense is described in terms of another. |
| Tactile | Appeals to the reader's sense of touch. |
| Telegraphic Sentence | A concise sentence typically containing five words or less. |
| Intro Elements | Hook, summary, thesis. |
| Tricolon Crescendo | A rhetorical term for a series of three parallel words, phrases, or clauses that increase in intensity or importance. |
| Verbal Irony | When a speaker's intention is the opposite of what they are saying. |
| Visual | Appeals to the reader's sense of sight. |
| Thesis Content | Should identify the effect and the techniques that create it. |
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