Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
TRAUMA RADIOGRAPHY
Fx
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| FRACTURE THAT DOES NOT BREAK THROUGH THE SKIN | COMPRESSION- |
| SERIOUS FRACTURE IN WHICH THE BROKEN BONE OR BONES PROJECT THROUGH THE SKIN | OPEN |
| FRACTURE IN WHICH THE BONE RETAINS ITS NORMAL ALIGNMENT | NON DISPLACED |
| MORE SERIOUS FRACTURE IN WHICH THE BONES ARE NOT IN ANATOMIC ALIGNMENT | DISPLACED |
| the fracture extends right the way across the bone • almost all fractures in adults are ________ | COMPLETE |
| TYPES OF COMPLETE FRACTURE • ___ : a fracture perpendicular to the axis of the bone • __ : a fracture oriented obliquely across the bone • __ : a fracture that looks like a spiral staircase • __ : a fracture in more than two bits | transverse : oblique : spiral : comminuted |
| fracture does not cross the bone completely • predominantly occur in children • not all childhood fractures are __ • many children present with complete fractures | INCOMPLETE |
| TYPES OF INCOMPLETE FRACTURE • __ : bowing of a long tubular bone • __ : the cortex is buckled, often in the distal radius • __ : the cortex is broken, but only on one side | bowing : buckle : greenstick |
| FOUR MAJOR TYPES OF SKULL FRACTURE | LINEAR, DEPRESSED, DIASTATIC, BASILAR |
| SKULL FX • breaks in the bone that transverse the full thickness of the skull from the outer to inner table. They are usually fairly straight with no bone displacement. | LINEAR SKULL FX |
| The common cause of injury is blunt force trauma where the impact energy transferred over a wide area of the skull. | LINEAR SKULL FX |
| SKULL FX • Also known as “pingpong fracture”. Type of fracture usually resulting from blunt force trauma, such as getting struck with a hammer, rock or getting kicked in the head. | DEPRESSED SKULL FX |
| SKULL FX • may require surgery to lift the bones off the brain if they are pressing on it by making burr holes on the adjacent normal skull | DEPRESSED SKULL FX |
| SKULL FX • occur when the fracture line transverses one or more sutures of the skull causing a widening of the suture. | DIASTATIC SKULL FX |
| SKULL FX • This type of fracture is usually seen in infants and young children as the sutures are not yet fused it can also occur in adults. | DIASTATIC SKULL FX |
| SKULL FX • Linear fractures that occur in the floor of the cranial vault (skull base), which require more force to cause than other areas of the neurocranium. | BASILAR SKULL FX |
| SKULL FX • They are rare, occurring as the only fracture in only 4% of severe head injury patients. | BASILAR SKULL FX |
| SKULL FX • is a fracture of one or more of the bones surrounding the eye and is commonly referred to as an orbital floor fracture. | BLOW OUT SKULL FX |
| SKULL FX • A horizontal fracture running above the teeth roots and through the lower part of the maxillary sinus. This separates the upper teeth and hard palate from the rest of the face, creating a "floating palate" | LE FORT I SKULL FX (HORIZONTAL) |
| SKULL FX • horizontal maxillary fracture, separating the teeth from the upper face • fracture line passes through the alveolar ridge, lateral nose and inferior wall of the maxillary sinus • also known as a Guerin fracture | LE FORT I SKULL FX (HORIZONTAL) |
| SKULL FX • pyramidal fracture, with the teeth at the pyramid base, and nasofrontal suture at its apex • fracture arch passes through the posterior alveolar ridge, lateral walls of maxillary sinuses, inferior orbital rim and nasal bones | LE FORT II SKULL FX (PYRAMIDAL) |
| SKULL FX • A pyramid-shaped fracture passing through the nasal bones, medial orbital walls, and inferior orbital rims, extending down through the upper jaw. This creates a "floating maxilla". | LE FORT II SKULL FX (PYRAMIDAL) uppermost fracture line can pass through the nasofrontal junction or the frontal process of the maxilla |
| SKULL FX • craniofacial disjunction • transverse fracture line passes through nasofrontal suture, maxillo-frontal suture, orbital wall, and zygomatic arch/zygomaticofrontal suture | LE FORT III SKULL FX (TRANSVERSE) |
| SKULL FX • The most severe type, also known as craniofacial disjunction. The entire midfacial skeleton is completely detached from the cranial base, running through the eye sockets and zygomatic arches (cheekbones). This creates a "floating face". | LE FORT III SKULL FX TRANSVERSE) |
| SKULL FX • because of the involvement of the zygomatic arch, there is a risk of the temporalis muscle impingement • unsurprisingly type III fractures have the highest rate of CSF leak | LE FORT III SKULL FX TRANSVERSE) |
| SKULL FX • Fracture to one side of a structure caused by trauma to the other side • Contrecoup is a French word that means "counterblow". | CONTRECOUP SKULL FX |
| SKULL FX • Fracture of the zygomatic arch and orbital floor or rim and dislocation of the frontozygomatic suture • also called as a zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fracture | TRIPOD SKULL FX |
| VERTEBRAL COLUMN FX • Axial loading must often be secondary to motor vehicle accidents and falls • Retropulsed fragment • Frequently associated with neurological defect | BURST VC FX |
| VERTEBRAL COLUMN FX • C1 Burst fracture • Caused by compressive force • Bilateral breaks in anterior and posterior arches • Open mouth view= bilateral offset of c1 on c2 • Not associated with neurologic deficit | JEFFERSON VC FX |
| VERTEBRAL COLUMN FX • Most common fracture of c2 and C-spine • Hyperextension/compression fx • Fractures through the pedicles of C2 with anterolisthesis of c2 on c3 | HANGMAN’S VC FX |
| VERTEBRAL COLUMN FX • Not associated with neurologic deficit • Teardrop fracture of inferior aspect of C2 or C2 is clue to dx of hangman’s fx | HANGMAN’S VC FX |
| VERTEBRAL COLUMN FX • Fracture of one or more spinous processes, most commonly c7. • Injury initially attributed to workers attempting to throw a full shovel of clay which adhered to shovel causing sudden flexion force on neck musculature. | CLAY SHOVELER’S VC FX |
| VERTEBRAL COLUMN FX • An unstable fracture dislocation of the thoracolumbar junction of the spine. • The injury comprises a fracture through a vertebral body, rupture of the posterior spinal ligaments and fractures of the facet joints. | HOLDSWORTH VC FX |
| VERTEBRAL COLUMN FX • Horizontal fracture through spinous process with little or no compression of vertebral body. • Maybe associated with horizontal fracture through vertebral body | CHANCE VC FX |
| VERTEBRAL COLUMN FX • Also called "seat belt fracture" • Caused is flexion of trunk over an object that serves as fulcrum, such as seat belt. | CHANCE VC FX |
| UPPER EXT. FX • Describes a flexion deformity of distal interphalangeal joint caused by extensor digitorum tendor separation from distal phalanx. • Caused by a baseball hitting tip of finger. | MALLET/DROP/BASEBALL FINGER |
| UPPER EXT. FX • Injury involves UCL- ulnar collateral ligament of MCP joint of thumb. | SKIER’S THUMB |
| UPPER EXT. FX • Non-comminuted, intra-articular fracture of base of 1st metacarpal. • Fracture must involve 1st carpometacarpal joint. | BENNETT’S FRACTURE |
| UPPER EXT. FX • Abductor pollicis longus causes distraction of fracture fragments. • Volar base of 1st metacarpal stays with trapezium | BENNETT’S FRACTURE |
| UPPER EXT. FX • Comminuted, intra-articular fracture of base of 1st metacarpal. • Comminuted distinguishes it from non-comminuted Bennett fracture • Usually 3 main fracture fragments | ROLANDO FRACTURE |
| UPPER EXT. FX • Intra-articular fractures of the radial styloid process. • The radial styloid is within the fracture fragment, although the fragment can vary markedly in size. | HUTCHINSON/BACKFIRE/CHAUFFER FRACTURE |
| UPPER EXT. FX • Fracture of the hook of the hamate | GOLFER'S/TENNIS WRIST |
| UPPER EXT. FX • Is defined as a chronic stress fracture (Salter Harris Type I) of the distal radial growth plate. • It is commonly seen in young individuals involved in gymnastics. | GYMNAST WRIST/DISTAL RADIAL EPIPHYSITIS |
| UPPER EXT. FX • Type of injury where there is avulsion of the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) at the base of the distal interphalangeal joint (DIP) | JERSEY/RUGBY/SWEATER FINGER |
| UPPER EXT. FX • Transverse fracture of head of 5th metacarpal • Palmar angulation • Incurred when punching | BOXER’S FRACTURE |
| UPPER EXT. FX • It is a fracture of distal radius ANTERIORLY. • Transverse fracture of distal radial metaphysis with palmar/volar displacement of distal fracture fragment. | SMITH/REVERSE COLLES/GOYRAND FRACTURE |
| UPPER EXT. FX • If intra-articular, called reverse Barton fracture • Results from backward fall onto outstretched hand | SMITH/REVERSE COLLES/GOYRAND FRACTURE |
| UPPER EXT. FX • It is a fracture of distal radius POSTERIORLY. • Transverse fracture of distal radial metaphysis proximal to joint with dorsal displacement of distal fracture fragment. | COLLES FRACTURE |
| UPPER EXT. FX • Results from backward fall onto outstretched hand • Ulnar styloid is commonly fractured. | COLLES FRACTURE |
| UPPER EXT. FX • Intra-articular fracture of dorsal margin of distal radius • Fracture line is oblique and extends to the radiocarpal joint • Fracture results from fall on outstretched hand | BARTON’S FRACTURE |
| UPPER EXT. FX • involves palmar/volar rim of radius while conventional Barton fracture involves dorsal rim • Must be intra-articular | REVERSE BARTON’S FRACTURE |
| UPPER EXT. FX • Similar in appearance to Smith fracture • Smith fracture is not INTRA-ARTICULAR • Fracture is caused by direct trauma | REVERSE BARTON’S FRACTURE |
| UPPER EXT. FX • Skeletally immature • Combination of both GREENSTICK and BUCKLE fractures. • Incomplete transverse greenstick fracture of one cortex and torus fracture of opposite cortex | LEAD PIPE FRACTURE |
| UPPER EXT. FX • Transverse fracture of the midshaft of ulna • Named because injury results from attempt to block downward blow of a nightstick with raised forearm | NIGHTSTICK FRACTURE |
| UPPER EXT. FX • Incomplete fracture of head of radius • Fracture line extends distally from center of articular surface, approximately one-half inch. | CHISEL FRACTURE |
| UPPER EXT. FX • In adult, most common fracture of elbow involves either head or neck of the radius. • Oblique views often required to visualize subtle fractures of radial head and neck | CHISEL FRACTURE |
| UPPER EXT. FX • Comminuted fracture of head of radius, associated with dislocation of distal ulnar joint. • Mechanisms: Fall from height • Like Galeazzi fracture but radial fracture is comminuted and involves head. | ESSEX LOPRESTI FRACTURE |
| UPPER EXT. FX • Proximal ulnar fracture with anterior dislocation of radial head • Due to forceful pronation injury of forearm injuries • posterior angulation of ulnar fracture site and posterior dislocation of radial head. | MONTEGGIA FRACTURE |
| UPPER EXT. FX • Fracture of shaft of radius associated with dislocation of distal radioulnar joint. • Caused by fall on an outstretched hand or from direct trauma to dorsal aspect of wrist. | GALEAZZI/REVERSE MONTEGGIA FRACTURE |
| UPPER EXT. FX • Is an injury of the elbow comprising a fracture of the olecranon with an associated anterior dislocation of the radial head which occurs in children. • It is a variant of the Monteggia fracture. | HUME FRACTURE |
| UPPER EXT. FX • Dislocation of the radial head caused by forceful pull on the forearm. • Line parallel to the long-axis of the shaft of the radius should always intersect the capitellum. | NURSEMAID'S ELBOW |
| UPPER EXT. FX • Fracture of the distal 3rd of the humerus resulting in entrapment of the radial nerve. | HOLSTEIN-LEWIS FRACTURE |
| UPPER EXT. FX • Fracture of anteromedial aspect of the humeral head • Produced when humeral head impacts posterior glenoid during posterior dislocation of shoulder | TROUGH SIGN FRACTURE |
| UPPER EXT. FX • Results from anterior dislocation of humeral head • Produced when humeral head strikes inferior margin of glenoid. • Located on posterolateral aspect of head • 97 % of shoulder dislocations are anterior in direction. | HIL-SACHS FRACTURE/ DEFORMITY |
| UPPER EXT. FX • Fracture of inferior rim of glenoid caused by posterolateral margin of humeral head impacting glenoid while dislocating anteriorly. • Requires only one dislocation | BANKART FRACTURE |
| PELVIC GIRDLE FX • Most common unstable pelvis fracture (14% of all pelvic fractures) • Vertical shearing involves anterior and posterior arches • Most commonly through pubic rami and sacrum | MALGAIGNE FRACTURE |
| PELVIC GIRDLE FX • Bilateral fractures of all pubic rami • Fracture fragments are usually elevated • Associated with urethral and bladder injuries in 20% | STRADDLE FRACTURE |
| PELVIC GIRDLE FX • Stable pelvic fracture • Consists of isolated fracture of one iliac wing - Pelvic ring remains intact. - Patient at risk for hemorrhage from the internal iliac arteries. | DUVERNEY FRACTURE |
| PELVIC GIRDLE FX • Fracture of posterior rim of acetabulum • Passenger strikes dashboard with knee, transmitting force through femur. - Head of femur driven against posterior rim of acetabulum | DASHBOARD FRACTURE |
| LOWER EXT. FX • Divergent dislocation consists of lateral dislocation of metatarsals 2-5 and medial dislocation of 1st metatarsal. • Most common dislocation in foot, consisting of dorsal dislocation of tarsometatarsal joints. | LISFRANC FRACTURE |
| LOWER EXT. FX • Injury due to severe plantarflexion of foot with folding of midfoot upon forefoot • Can be seen in parachute jumpers | LISFRANC FRACTURE |
| LOWER EXT. FX • Stress fracture of the shaft of either the 2nd or 3rd metatarsal • Frequently negative x-ray at first • Positive bone scan | MARCH FRACTURE |
| LOWER EXT. FX • “True jones” fracture occurs 1st distal to base of 5th metatarsal. • Avulsion fracture heal quickly • Jones fractures heal more slowly and may undergo fibrous union only. | JONES FRACTURE |
| LOWER EXT. FX • Fracture dislocation involving the midtarsal joints in which there is superior dislocation of the navicular and cuboid bones on the talus and calcaneus. • Site of amputation • Requires great force (or Charcot joint) | CHOPART’S FRACTURE |
| LOWER EXT. FX • Fracture of neck of talus • Common fractures in aviation accidents caused by rudder bar being driven into foot during plane crash. • Now mostly caused by brake pedal in car. | AVIATOR’S FRACTURE |
| LOWER EXT. FX • They are fractures of the calcaneal body and may be intra- or extra-articular. • The name "lover's fracture" is derived from the fact that a suitor may jump from great heights while trying to escape from the lover's spouse. | DON JUAN/CASANOVA/LOWER'S FRACTURE |
| LOWER EXT. FX • type of calcaneal fracture. • There is an important association between lover's fractures and burst fractures of the lumbar spine. | DON JUAN/CASANOVA/LOWER'S FRACTURE |
| LOWER EXT. FX • Fracture of the lateral process of the Talus bone. | SNOWBOARD FRACTURE |
| LOWER EXT. FX • A trimalleolar fracture of ankle with fractures of both malleoli and posterior lip of tibia. | COTTON'S FRACTURE |
| LOWER EXT. FX • Fracture of lower end of fibula and medial malleolus of tibia. • Caused by outward and backward displacement of leg while foot fixed. | POTT'S FRACTURE |
| LOWER EXT. FX • Anterior tibiofibular ligament avulses small portion of tibial epiphysis • Consists of avulsion of anterior lateral margin of distal tibia • Caused by twisting injury • Salter-Harris III fracture | TILLAUX FRACTURE |
| The Salter-Harris classification was proposed by Robert Bruce Salter and William Robert Harris in 1963 and, at the time of writing (January 2023) remains the most widely used system for describing ___ fractures. | physeal |
| Fractures that involve the physis (physeal/growth plate). They are relatively common and important to differentiate from other injuries because the involvement of the physis may cause premature closure resulting in limb shortening and abnormal growth. | Salter-Harris Fx |
| TYPES OF SALTER-HARRIS FRACTURE • slipped • 5-7% • fracture plane passes all the way through the growth plate, not involving bone • cannot occur if the growth plate is fused cit • good prognosis | TYPE I |
| TYPES OF SALTER-HARRIS FRACTURE • above • ~75% (by far the most common) • fracture passes across most of the growth plate and up through the metaphysis • good prognosis | TYPE II |
| TYPES OF SALTER-HARRIS FRACTURE • lower • 7-10% • fracture plane passes some distance along with the growth plate and down through the epiphysis • poorer prognosis as the proliferative and reserve zones are interrupted | TYPE III |
| TYPES OF SALTER-HARRIS FRACTURE • lower • 7-10% • fracture plane passes some distance along with the growth plate and down through the epiphysis • poorer prognosis as the proliferative and reserve zones are interrupted | TYPE IV |
| TYPES OF SALTER-HARRIS FRACTURE • ruined or rammed • uncommon <1% • crushing type injury does not displace the growth plate but damages it by direct compression • worst prognosis | TYPE V |
| TYPES OF SALTER-HARRIS FRACTURE • injury to the perichondral structures | TYPE VI |
| TYPES OF SALTER-HARRIS FRACTURE • isolated injury to the epiphyseal plate | TYPE VII |
| TYPES OF SALTER-HARRIS FRACTURE • isolated injury to the metaphysis, with a potential injury related to endochondral ossification | TYPE VIII |
| TYPES OF SALTER-HARRIS FRACTURE • injury to the periosteum that may interfere with membranous growth | TYPE IX |
| LOWER EXT. FX • Fracture of medial malleolus with disruption of tibiofibular syndesmosis • Results in fracture of proximal third of fibula | MAISONNEUVE FRACTURE |
| LOWER EXT. FX • Rare fracture of the distal fibula with an associated fixed posterior dislocation of the proximal fibular fragment which becomes trapped behind the posterior tibial tubercle. | BOSWORTH FRACTURE |
| LOWER EXT. FX • Stress fracture of distal fibula 3-8 cm above the lateral malleolus • Among track athletes, fractures to the navicular, tibia, and metatarsals are most common, and among distance runners, the tibia and fibula are most common. | RUNNER'S FRACTURE |
| LOWER EXT. FX • Subtle, non-displaced oblique fracture • Distal tibia • Children- 9 months to 3 years of age | TODDLER'S FRACTURE |
| LOWER EXT. FX • Fracture of the lateral tibial plateau caused by the bumper of a car coming into contact with the outer side of the knee when a person is standing. Specifically, it is caused by a forced valgus applied to the knee. | BUMPER/TIBIAL PLATEAU/FENDER FRACTURE |
| LOWER EXT. FX • Valgus injury may result in compression fracture of lateral tibial plateau • Associated with fracture of neck of fibula. • Accompanying disruption of medial collateral ligament likely | BUMPER/TIBIAL PLATEAU/FENDER FRACTURE |
| LOWER EXT. FX • V-shaped fracture of the distal tibia which extends into the ankle joint and fractures the tibial plafond into anterior and posterior fragments | GOSSELIN FRACTURE |
| LOWER EXT. FX • Avulsion fracture of the lateral tibial plateau at site of attachment of lateral capsular ligament. • Frequently associated with tears of anterior cruciate ligament (70%) or menisci. | SEGOND FRACTURE |
| LOWER EXT. FX • Specific to the patella-fracture lines radiate out from a center point in a star-like pattern | STELLATE FRACTURE |
| LOWER EXT. FX • Posterior tangential fracture of one (usually lateral) or both femoral condyles • Caused by violent direct trauma frequently invisible on the frontal view | HOFFA FRACTURE |
| LOWER EXT. FX • Separation of distal femoral epiphysis from metaphysis of femur in a child (Salter I) • Old term: derived when children injured their femurs on attempting to hitch a ride on a wagon | WAGON WHEEL FRACTURE |
Created by:
yulyae