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anatomy CH7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| axial skeleton has... | 80 bones |
| axial means... | bones of the midline |
| the skull has... | 22 bones |
| the face has... | 14 bones |
| there are... auditory ossicles | 6 bones in the |
| how many bones are occipital? | 1 |
| how many bones are parietal? | 2 |
| how many bones are temporal? | 2 |
| how many bones are frontal? | 1 |
| how many bones are sphenoid? | 1 |
| how many bones are ethmoid? | 1 |
| the cranium is made of... | 8 bones |
| the face is made of... | 14 bones |
| how many bones are maxillae? | 2 |
| how many bones are palatine? | 2 |
| how many bones are nasal? | 2 |
| how many bones are inferior nasal conchae? | 2 |
| how many bones are zygomatic? | 2 |
| how many bones are lacrimal? | 2 |
| how many bones are vomer? | 1 |
| how many bones are mandible? | 1 |
| how many bones make up the associated bones of the skull? | 7 |
| what chamber supports the brain? | the cranial cavity |
| the skullcap is also known as... | calavaria |
| what bones make up the calavaria? | frontal, occipital, and R/L parietal |
| the hyoid bone... | supports the voice box |
| suture are... | immovable joints/connections between most skull bones |
| sutures are tied together with... | dense fibrous connective tissue |
| the occipital condyles are points of articulation between... | the skull and first vertebrae |
| the inferior and superior nuchae are ridges that... | mark attachment sites of muscles and ligaments that stabilize the joints at the occipital condyles and balance the weight of the neck |
| the external occipital crest marks... | the attachment of the ligamentum nuchae that helps stabilize the vertebrae of the neck |
| the occipital bone articulates with... | the parietal, temporal, sphenoid, and atlas bones |
| the foramen magnum... | connects the cranial cavity with the vertebral canal (enclosed by the vertebral column)--it surrounds the connection between brain and spinal cord :)) |
| the jugular foramen... | the internal jugular vein passes through the foramen, carrying venous blood from the brain |
| the hypoglossal nerves (that control tongue muscles) pass through the... | hypoglossal canals |
| the parietal bones articulate with... | one another, occipital, temporal, frontal, and sphenoid bones |
| the superior & inferior temporal lines are low ridges that... | mark the attachment sites of the temporalis (large muscle that controls the mouth) |
| the frontal bone articulates with... | the parietal, sphenoid, ethmoid, nasal, lacrimal, maxillary, and zygomatic bones |
| the forehead provides surface area for... | the attachment of facial muscles |
| the glabella is... | the area between the supra-orbital margins and superior to nasal bones, marking the most forward projection of the frontal bone |
| the lacrimal fossa marks... | the location of the lacrimal/tear gland |
| the frontal sinuses typically appear after age... | 6 |
| the frontal suture generally disappears by age... | 8 |
| the metopic suture is... | the rare aftermath of the frontal suture not disappearing. it runs through the midline of the forehead |
| the temporal bones articulate with... | the zygomatic, sphenoid, parietal, and occipital bones of the cranium and with the mandible |
| the mandibular fossa marks... | on the interior surface site of articulation with the mandible |
| the mastoid process is the attachment site for... | muscles that rotate or extend the head |
| the mastoid process contains mastoid cells that... | are small, interconnected enclosed spaces that connect to the middle ear cavity |
| mastoditis | inflammation and infection in the air cell system |
| the styloid process is attached to... | ligaments that support the hyoid bone and tendons of several muscles around the hyoid, tongue, and pharynx |
| the petrous part of the temporal bone... | encloses the structures of the internal ear |
| the internal ear is... | organs that provide info about hearing and balance |
| the auditory ossicles are in... | the tympanic cavity/middle ear |
| the function of auditory ossicles is to... | transfer sound vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the internal ear |
| the foramen lacerum is... | a jagged slit extending between the sphenoid and petrous part of the temporal bone |
| the foramen lacerum contains... | hyaline cartilage and small arteries that supply the inner surface of the cranium |
| the carotid canal provides passage for... | the internal carotid artery |
| the auditory tube is... | an air filled passageway that connects the pharynx to the middle ear |
| the external acoustic meatus ends at the... | tympanic membrane |
| the stylomastoid foramen allows for passage of the... | facial nerve |
| the internal acoustic meatus carries... | blood vessels and nerves to the internal ear and conveys the facial nerve to the stylomastoid foramen |
| mucous from the ... help clean the surfaces of nasal cavities | sphenoidal sinuses |
| the sphenoid articulates with... | the ethmoid, frontal, occipital, frontal, parietal, and temporal bones of the cranium; and the palatine, zygomatic, maxillae, and vomer of the face |
| the hypophyseal in the sella turcica of the sphenoid contains... | the pituitary gland :D |
| the pterygoid process forms pterygoid plates that are attachment sites for... | muscles that move the mandible and soft palate |
| the optic groove is also known as... | prechiasmatic sulcus |
| the optic groove/prechiasmatic sulcus is... | the point where the two optic nerves cross |
| the ethmoid articulates with... | the frontal and sphenoid bones of the cranium; and the maxillae, lacrimal, nasal, palatine, inferior nasal conchae, and vomer of the face |
| what attaches to the cribriform plate of the ethmoid? | falx cerebri (membrane that stabilizes the position of the brain) |
| the nasal conchae... | break up the airflow within the nasal cavity |
| the maxillae articulate with... | all facial bones (except mandible), with one another, the frontal bones and ethmoid |
| the alveolar process... | contains the tooth sockets for the maxillary arch |
| the nasolacrimal duct... | carries tears from the orbit to nasal cavity |
| the palatine bones articulate with... | one another, maxillae, sphenoid, ethmoid, inferior nasal conchae, and the vomer |
| the vomer articulates with... | maxillae, sphenoid, ethmoid, palatine bones, and the cartilaginous part of the nasal septum |
| the inferior nasal conchae articulate with... | maxillae, ethmoid, palatine, and lacrimal bones |
| the zygomatic bones articulate with... | maxillae, sphenoid, frontal, and temporal bones |
| the zygomaticofacial foramen carries... | a sensory nerve that innervates the cheek |
| the lacrimal bones articulate with... | frontal, maxillae, and ethmoid |
| the dental alveoli... | are sockets for the tooth roots |
| the mental protuberance is the attachment site for... | several facial muscles |
| on each ramus.. | -condylar process articulates with temporal bone at TMJ -coronoid process is the insertion point for the temporalis (muscle that closes the jaws) -mandibular notch is the depression that separates the condylar and coronoid processes |
| the mylohyoid line marks the insertion of... | the mylohyoid that supports the floor of the mouth |
| the mental foramina are openings for... | nerves that carry sensory info from the lips and chin into the brain |
| stylohyoid ligaments attach... | the lesser horns of the hyoid to the styloid processes of the temporal bones |
| 3 functions of sinuses: | -lessen weight of bone -produce mucous -resonating chambers in speech production |
| the orbital complex is made of how many bones? | 7 |
| the superior orbital fissure is a cleft that... | nerves that control eye movement pass thru |
| fontanelles | non-ossified fibrous areas between cranial bones that ease birth and allow for rapid brain growth in infants/kids |
| allergic rhinitis | overactive immune response to an allergen causes excessive sneezing, mucous production, and mucosal swelling |
| ostia (passage within paranasal sinuses) narrow when... | a viral/bacterial/fungus infection produces inflammation (SINITUS) |
| the anterior fontanelle is often called... | the soft spot on newborns heads |
| how many vertebrae are there? | 24 |
| the spine has... | 26 bones |
| craniostenosis | premature closing of cranial fontanelles |
| cephalon | head |
| stenosis | narrowing |
| the cervical curve has... | 7 vertebrae |
| the thoracic curve has... | 12 vertebrae |
| the lumbar curve has... | 5 vertebrae |
| primary curves develop... | before birth |
| secondary curves develop... | after birth |
| the cervical curve... | secondary; develops as infant leans to balance weight of its head on neck vertebrae |
| the thoracic curve... | primary; provides room for thoracic organs |
| the lumbar curve... | secondary; balances weight of trunk over the lower limbs, develops with the ability to stand |
| the sacral curve... | primary; provides room for abdominopelvic organs |
| all 4 spine curves are developed by... | age 10 |
| the vertebral body transfers... | weight along the axis of the vertebral column |
| the walls of the vertebral arch are called... | pedicles |
| the roof of the vertebral arch is called... | laminae |
| the spinous process project posteriorly where... | the point the vertebral laminae fuse to complete the vertebral arch |
| transverse processes are sites of... | muscle attachment and articulate with ribs |
| intervertebral foramina permit... | the passage of nerves running to/from spinal cord |
| cervical vertebrae support: | the head |
| bifid | a split spinous process |
| vertebra C... does not have a spinous process | C1 |
| vertebrae C... permit more flexibility | C3-C7 |
| the atlas/C1 articulates with... | the occipital condyles of the skull (up/down) |
| during development, the atlas fuses with the body of the... | axis (at the dens) (left/right) |
| C7 is also called... | vertebra prominens |
| the ... helps return the head to upright position when looking down | ligamentum nuchae |
| the costal facets articulate with... | the heads of ribs |
| the sacrum was made of 5 fused vertebrae, that fuse between... | ages 25-30 |
| cervical vertebrae — location | neck |
| cervical vertebrae — body | small, oval, curved faces |
| cervical vertebrae — vertebral foramen | large |
| cervical vertebrae — spinous process | long, split tip, points inferiorly |
| cervical vertebrae — transverse processes | transverse foramina present |
| cervical vertebrae — functions | support skull; stabilize brain/spinal cord; allow controlled head movement |
| thoracic vertebrae — location | chest |
| thoracic vertebrae — body | medium, heart‑shaped, flat faces; rib facets |
| thoracic vertebrae — vertebral foramen | medium |
| thoracic vertebrae — spinous process | long, slender, not split, points inferiorly |
| thoracic vertebrae — transverse processes | facets for rib joints (except T11, T12) |
| thoracic vertebrae — functions | support weight of head/neck/upper limbs/chest; articulate with ribs for thoracic volume changes |
| lumbar vertebrae — location | inferior back |
| lumbar vertebrae — body | massive, oval, flat faces |
| lumbar vertebrae — vertebral foramen | small |
| lumbar vertebrae — spinous process | blunt, broad, points posteriorly |
| lumbar vertebrae — transverse processes | short; no facets or foramina |
| lumbar vertebrae — functions | support weight of head, neck, upper limbs, and trunk |
| kyphosis | hunchback |
| lordosis | looks pregnant |
| the coccyx was made of 4 fused vertebrae, that fuse starting at... | age 26 |
| The sinuses, or internal chambers in the skull, are found in the... | sphenoid, frontal, ethmoid, and maxillary bones |
| What is the long framework of the sphenoid bone that houses the pituitary gland? | sella turcica |
| The head of a rib articulates at... | the body of the vertebra |
| The foramen magnum connects the __________ with the __________. | cranial cavity; vertebral canal |
| The vertebrae containing transverse foramina are called the... | cervical vertebrae |
| our sense of olfaction comes from olfactory nerves that pass through the olfactory foramina located in the...of the ethmoid | cribriform plate |
| the calavaria is made of... | 4 bones (occipital, R/L parietal, and frontal) |
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