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Unit 2

TermDefinition
Ancient Greece ancient civilization that influenced America's constitutional republic in areas such as civic participation, legislative bodies, voting rights, and a written constitution
Ancient Rome ancient civilization that influenced America's constitutional republic in the areas of civic participation, republicanism, rule of law, representative government, and separation of powers.
civic virtue the good characteristics, attitudes, practices, and activities of participation in a political system
constitution the basic principles and laws of a nation or state that determine the powers and duties of the government and guarantee certain rights to the people in it; usually a written document
Judeo-Christian tradition the belief and practices of those following the Jewish and Christian religions such as ethical ideas of justice, individual worth, personal responsibility and rule of law
polis a city-state in Ancient Greece
separation of powers a principle of government that sets up a structural division of responsibilities within distinct branches, each with their own powers and processes
voting to formally record one's choice or opinion in an election or on a specific question
limited government a government that has been limited in power by a constitution, or written agreement
Common Sense a pamphlet published by Thomas Paine in 1776 to convince the American colonists to support becoming independent from Great Britain
consent of the governed the idea that government gains its power/authority from the people
English Bill of Rights a government document written in 1689 that expanded the powers of the English Parliament and expanded the rights of the people, as well as further limited the rights of the king
Magna Carta a government document that limited the power of the king of England and protected the rights of the nobility; written in 1215
Mayflower Compact an agreement between individuals that created a government that would provide order and protect the rights of the colonists; written by a group of English Puritans in Massachusetts in 1620
Baron Montesquieu a philosopher who believed in separation of powers when establishing a government
checks and balances a principle of government that allows each branch of government to limit the power of the other branches
Enlightenment an intellectual and philosophical movement in the 17th and 18th centuries that focused on reason, ideas on government, and the value of happiness
John Locke a philosopher who believed in natural rights and social contract
natural law laws passed by government to protect natural rights
natural rights rights an individual is born with that cannot be given or taken away by government (ex. life, liberty, pursuit of happiness)
social contract an implied agreement among the people of an organized society that defines the rights, duties, and limitations of the governed and the government
Created by: user-1847517
 

 



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