Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Ch. 2 Vocab A&P
9/22/26
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| matter | anything that takes up space and has mass |
| element | substance that cannot be broken down into substances with different properties; composed of only one type of atom |
| protons | positively charged subatomic particles |
| neutrons | uncharged subatomic particles |
| electrons | negatively charged subatomic particles |
| atomic number | number of protons within the nucleus of an atom |
| mass number | sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom |
| atomic mass | mass of an atom - number of protons and number of neutrons in the nucleus |
| isotopes | atoms with the same atomic number but a different atomic mass due to a different number of neutrons |
| radioisotope | unstable form of an atom that spontaneously emits radiation in the form of radioactive particles or radiant energy |
| molecule | union of two or more atoms of the same element, the smallest part of a compound that retains the properties of the compound (makes up compounds) |
| compound | substance having two or more different elements united chemically in a fixed ratio |
| valence shell | the outermost energy shell of an atom; the location of electrons that participate in chemical reactions |
| ions | charged particle that carries a negative or positive charge |
| ionic bond | chemical bond in which ions are attracted to one another by opposite charges |
| covalent bond | chemical bond in which atoms share one pair of electrons to stay together |
| polar molecule | combination of atoms in which the electrical charge is not distributed symmetrically |
| hydrogen bond | a weak, electrostatic attraction between a partially positive hydrogen atom and a strongly electronegative atom |
| hydrophilic | type of molecule that interacts with water by dissolving in water and/or forming hydrogen bonds with water molecules |
| hydrphobic | type of molecule that does not interact with water |
| nonpolar | molecule in which the electrons are evenly shared between the atoms in the molecule |
| cohesion | the ability of water molecules to bind to each other due to the abundance of hydrogen bonds between water molecules |
| adhesion | the ability of water molecules to adhere to polar surfaces due to hydrogen bonding |
| mole | a unit of scientific measurement for atoms, ions, and molecules |
| acids | molecules that raise the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution and lower its pH numerically |
| bases | molecule that lowers the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution and raises the pH numerically |
| pH scale | measurement scale for hydrogen ion concentration logarithmic scale (lower is more acidic, higher is more basic) |
| buffers | substance of group of substances that tend to RESIST pH CHANGES of a solution thus stabilizing its relative acidity and basicity |
| organic molecules | type of molecule that contains carbon and hydrogen and often contains oxygen also |
| macromolecule | extremely large biological molecule refers specifically to proteins, nucleic acids, polysaccharides, lipids, and complexes of these |
| dehydration reaction | chemical reaction resulting in a covalent bond with the accompanying loss of a water molecule (loses water) |
| hydrolysis reaction | splitting of a compound by the addition of water, with the H being incorporated with one fragment of the OH (gains water) |
| carbohydrates | class of organic compounds that includes monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides |
| glucose | six-carbon sugar that organisms degrade as a source of energy during cellular respiration |
| polysaccharides | polymer made from sugar monomers; the polysaccharides starch and glycogen are polymers of glucose monomers |
| starch | PLANTS store glucose in this form |
| glycogen | ANIMALS store glucose in this form |
| cellulose | polysaccharide (fiber) found in plant cell walls |
| lipids | class of organic compounds that tend to be soluble only in nonpolar solvents |
| triglycerides | neutral fat composed of glycerol and three fatty acids also known as fats and lipids |
| fats | organic molecule that contains glycerol and fatty acids; found in adipose tissue |
| oils | substance, usually of plant orgin and liquid at room temp, formed when a glycerol molecule reacts with three fatty acid molecules |
| emulsification | breaking up of fat molecules into smaller droplets by the action of bile salts or any other emulsifier |
| fatty acid | molecule that contains a hydrocarbon chain and ends with an acid group |
| saturated fatty acids | fat acid molecule that lacks double bonds between the atoms of its carbon chain |
| unsaturated fatty acids | fatty acid molecule that has one or more double bonds between the atoms of its carbon chain |
| trans fats | fats, which occur naturally in meat and dairy products of ruminants, that are also industrially created through partial hydrogenation of plant oils and animal fats |
| phospholipids | lipids molecule that forms the bilayer of the cell's membranes; has a polar, hydrophilic bead bonded to two nonpolar, hydrophobic trials |
| steroids | type of lipid molecule having a complex of four carbon rings; examples are cholesterol and testosterone |
| proteins | molecule consisting of one or more polypeptides |
| peptide bond | type of covalent bond that joins two amino acids |
| polypeptide | polymer of three or more amino acids linked by peptide bonds |
| denaturation | loss of normal shape by an enzyme so that it no longer functions; caused by a less-than-optimal pH or temp |
| nucleic acids | polymer of nueleotides; DNA and RNA are both examples |
| nucleotides | monomer of DNA and RNA consisting of a 5-carbon sugar bonded to a nitrogen-containing base and a phosphate group |
| DNA | nucleic acid polymer produced from covalent bonding of nueleotide monomers that contain the sugar deoxyribose; the GENETIC MATERIAL OF NEARLY ALL ORGANISMS |
| RNA | nueleic acid produced from covalent bonding of nueleotide monomers that contain the sugar ribose; its three major forms are messgnger RNA , ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA |
| coenzymes | non protein organic molecule that aids the aciton of the enzyme to watch. it is loosely bound |
| ATP | main energy currency for cells |
| 4 bases of DNA | adenine (A) thymine (T) guanine (G) cytosine (C). the base can have 2 rings (A and G) and (T and C) |
| uracil | replaces the base thymine in RNA |
| complementary base pairing | hydrogen bonding betwen particular bases. In DNA, thymine pairs with adenine, and guanine pairs with cytosine. In RNA, Uracil pairs with A, and G pairs with C |
| ADP | nuelcleotide with two phosphate groups that can accept another phosphate group and become ATP |
| calorie | amount of heat energy required to raise the temp of 1g of water 1 degree C |
| atom | basic building block of all matter in the universe |
| monosaccharides | simple sugar, building block for carbohydrates |
| disaccharides | a type of sugar/carb made when two monosaccharides join together |
| amino acids | building blocks of proteins |
Created by:
user-1777988